ObjectiveTo study the relationship between mesenchymal transition epithelial (EMT) and the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer, and to seek to block the EMT process so as to achieve the purpose of treating tumor. MethodsThe literatures of EMT, signal pathway, and gastric cancer were analyzed by querying the PubMed. ResultsThe function and regulation mechanism of EMT is closely related to the development of gastric cancer, in the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer, tumor invasion and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways play a role, with a great clinical application prospects. ConclusionsEMT and tumor metastasis is very close, almost involved in every process of metastasis. It is necessary to further study the relationship between EMT and cancer, including gastric carcinoma metastasis. A new way for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of fast track surgery (FTS) in gastrointestinal tract injury. MethodsThe data of 61 patients with gastrointestinal tract injury from July 2007 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 29 patients were received FTS (FTS group) and 32 patients were received conventional care (control group). The first flatus and defecation time, hospital stay, rates of wound infection and lung infection, and the mortality were compared between these two groups. ResultsThe average first flatus and defecation time and the average hospital stay in the FTS group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (2.21 d versus 3.16 d, P=0.000; 7.45 d versus 9.78 d, P=0.000). The rate of lung infection in the FTS group were significantly lower than that in the control group[3.4% (1/29) versus 21.9% (7/32), P=0.033]. The rate of wound infection and the mortality had no significant differences between the FST group and the control group[3.4% (1/29) versus 15.6% (5/32), P=0.111; 0(0/29) versus 3.1% (1/32), P=0.337]. ConclusionsFTS is safe and effective among those gastrointestinal tract injury patients who visited the hospital in time and injury limited. FTS could promote defecate, shorter the hospital stay, and don't increase the complications and mortality.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of CD133 and CD44 protein in primary lesions of gastric cancer and its clinical significance. MethodsThe expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein in gastric cancer tissues of 100 patients with gastric cancer were detected by immunohistocheimcal stainings.The relation between the expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic characters were analyzed. ResultsBoth CD44 and CD133 protein were expressed on the cell membranes.No correlation were found between CD44/CD133 and the clinicopathologic parameters include gender and age (P > 0.05), but the positive expression rate of CD44/CD133 with diameter>5 cm was significantly higher than that tumor with diameter≤5 cm (CD44 P=0.150;CD133 P=0.056), and correlated with the tissue differentiation (CD44 P=0.008;CD133 P=0.007), vascular invasion (CD44 P=0.043;CD133 P=0.023), lymphatic vessel invasion (CD44 P=0.020;CD133 P=0.044), lymph nodes metastasis (CD44 P=0.002;CD133 P=0.004), inva-sion depth of tumor (CD44 P=0.006;CD133 P=0.021), and pTNM stage (CD44 P=0.034;CD133 P=0.001).No correlation were found between the co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters include gender, age, tissue differentiation, and vascular invasion (P > 0.05), but the positive co-expression rate of CD44 and CD133 with diameter>5 cm was significantly higher than that tumor with diameter≤5 cm (P=0.010), and correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion (P=0.003), lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.045), invasion depth of tumor (P=0.041), and pTNM stage (P=0.049).The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein (r=0.207, P=0.039).Univariate analysis showed that lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.001), pTNM stages (P=0.013), CD44 protein expression (P=0.005), CD133 protein expression (P=0.002), and co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with 3-year survival rate of pati-ents with gastric cancer respectively.Logistic regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) was independent risk factor for co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein.Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression models showed that co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein (P=0.003) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.006) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. ConclusionsCD44 and CD133 protein may be considered as robust cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer.The co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein is the independent prognosis factor for gastric cancer and strongly associated with poor prognosis when they are expressed more high.
ObjectiveTo study the expression and role of homeobox transcription antisense intergenic ribose nucleic acid (HOTAIR) in CD133-positive gastric cancer cells, which was classified to long non-coding RNA (LncRNA). MethodsImmune magnetic cell sorting (MACS) was performed to sort CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells of KATO-Ⅲgastric cancer cells, then reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expressions of HOTAIR mRNA and CD133 mRNA. After the intervention of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for CD133-positive KATO-Ⅲcells, RT-PCR method was performed to detect the expression of HOTAIR mRNA to select siRNA who had the best silent effect. The selected-siHOTAIR was used to silent the expression of HOTAIR, then the expressions of CD133 mRNA, E-cadherin mRNA, and N-cadherin mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. At last, Transwell experiments were performed to detect the migration ability and invasion ability. Results①?RT-PCR test results showed that, the expression levels of CD133 mRNA and HOTAIR mRNA in CD133-positive group were significantly higher than those of CD133-negative group and no separation group (P < 0.05).②?After interference of siHOTAIR, the expression levels of HOTAIR mRNA in siHOTAIR1 group, siHOTAIR2 group, and siHOTAIR3 group were all significantly lower than those of blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of HOTAIR mRNA in siHOTAIR2 group was lower than those of siHOTAIR1 group and siHOTAIR3 group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that siHOTAIR2 had the best interference efficiency.③?The expression levels of CD133 mRNA and N-cadherin mRNA in siHOTAIR2 group were lower than those corresponding indicators of blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05), but the expression level of E-cadherin mRNA was higher than those of blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05). Transwell experiment results showed that, number of cells which through the cell membrane in siHOTAIR2 group was lower than those of blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe expression of HOTAIR mRNA in CD133-positive KATO-Ⅲgastric cancer cells was higher than that of CD133-negative cells, interfering the expression of HOTAIR mRNA can reduce the expression of CD133 mRNA in CD133-positive KATO-Ⅲgastric cancer cells, and can inhibit cell migration and invasion.
ObjectiveTo summarize the recent years' researches of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gastric cancer. MethodsDomestic and international publications related to miRNAs biological functions and its role in gastric cancer in recent years were collected and reviewed. ResultsMiRNAs are binded to some target mRNAs which are related to gastric cancer, then result in these mRNAs silence and target-genes abnormal expression. Conciusions MiRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer, and act as a oncogene or anti-oncogene in gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of invasion of CD133 positive population in gallbladder cancer. MethodsThe invasive abilities of the CD133 positive cells and the CD133 negative cells were detected by Transwell.The CXCR4 mRNA and protein in the CD133 positive cells and the CD133 negative cells were detected by the semi-quanti-tative RT-PCR, Western blot method, and immunofluorescence, respectively.SDF-1αand AMD3100 were respectively used to stimulate/inhibit the GBC-SD cells.The invasive ability and the migration force were detected in the CD133 posi-tive cells and the CD133 negative cells.The expressions CD133 mRNA and protein of the GBC-SD cells were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot method, respectively. Results①The number of invasion cells in the CD133 positive cells was significantly more than that in the CD133 negative cells (23.78±8.74 versus 6.56±3.09, P=0.000 7).②The fluorescent protein of CXCR4 in the CD133 positive cells was stronger than that in the CD133 negative cells.The expression of CXCR4 mRNA in the CD133 positive cells was significantly higher than that in the CD133 negative cells (0.642 4±0.020 4 versus 0.335 9±0.043 2, P=0.004).The expression of CXCR4 protein in the CD133 positive cells was significantly higher than that in the CD133 negative cells (0.765 0±0.106 6 versus 0.409 4±0.019 5, P=0.013).③In the CD133 positive cells, compared with the control group, the number of invasion cells was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (62.89±15.27 versus 23.78±8.74, P=0.000 6) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (10.33±2.00 versus 23.78±8.74, P=0.000 2).In the CD133 negative cells, compared with the control group, the number of invasion cells was not significant change in the SDF-1αgroup (6.89±4.23 versus 6.59±3.09, P=0.41) and in the AMD3100 group (6.11±2.67 versus 6.59±3.09, P=0.38), respectively.④In the CD133 positive cells, compared with the control group, the number of migration cells was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (74.56±15.80 versus 35.56±10.97, P=0.000 3) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (12.67±2.40 versus 35.56±10.97, P=0.000 2).In the CD133 negative cells, compared with the control group, the number of migration cells was not significant change in the SDF-1αgroup (9.78±2.04 versus 9.56±1.74, P=0.43) and in the AMD3100 group (9.54±1.74 versus 9.56±1.74, P=0.42).⑤In the GBC-SD cells, compared with the control group, the CD133 mRNA was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (0.626 5±0.048 7 versus 0.450 0±0.024 3, P=0.004) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (0.359 3±0.047 3 versus 0.450 0±0.024 3, P=0.011);the CD133 protein was significantly increased in the SDF-1αgroup (0.508 9±0.020 7 versus 0.440 9±0.013 0, P=0.016) and decreased in the AMD3100 group (0.317 7±0.013 7 versus 0.440 9±0.013 0, P=0.004). ConclusionThe high invasion ability of CD133 positive population in gallbladder cancer might be due to the high expression of CXCR4.
ObjectiveTo detect the content of stromal cell derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) in peripheral blood of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) and investigate its clinical significances. MethodsThe contents of SDF-1αin the peripheral blood of 90 patients with GC were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation of SDF-1αcontent with the clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis after operation were analyzed. Results①The content of SDF-1αin the patients with GC[(6950.8±1131.3) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in the normal healthy volunteers[(5023.7±1103.8) ng/l, P=0.036].②The content of SDF-1αin the GC patients with distant metastasis[(8251.6±1042.5) ng/L] was significantly higher than that without distant metastasis[(6785.3±1025.0) ng/L, P < 0.001]. The contents of SDF-1αin the peripheral blood of patients with distant metastasis either in the liver (P=0.002) or in the lung (P=0.030) were significantly higher than those without distant metastasis (liver or lung).③The TNM stage was later (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis was broader (P=0.018), invasion of tumor was deeper (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001) and lymphatic vessel invasion were present (P < 0.001), the contents of SDF-1αwere higer. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the depth of tumor invasion (OR=14.999, 95% CI 3.568-74.456, P=0.027) and distant metastasis (OR=0.186, 95% CI 0.610-2.014, P=0.026) were correlated with the high SDF-1αcontent.④The survival time of the patients with higher content of SDF-1αwas significantly shorter than that of the lower content of SDF-1α(P < 0.001). Cox proportial hazard regression model analysis demonstrated that TNM stage (RR=2.497, 95% CI 1.987-10.238, P=0.009), vascular invasion (RR=7.501, 95% CI 2.086-16.942, P=0.002), and high content of SDF-1α(RR=18.302, 95% CI 6.895-30.538, P=0.001) in the peripheral blood were the independent risk factors for survival of the patients with GC. ConclusionHigh content of SDF-1αin peripheral blood might suggest the occurrence of lymph node metastasis, hepatic metastasis or lung metastasis and indicate the poorer prognosis of GC.
ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) for the acute appendicitis patients based on our extensive experiences. MethodsThe data of all the acute appendicitis patients who underwent appendectomy from January 2013 to December 2014 in our department were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 201 patients were enrolled and divided into LA group (n=102) and OA group (n=99). The relevant clinical indexes during and after operation of two groups were compared. ResultsThere were no significant difference in age, gender, and underlying disease between LA and OA patients (P > 0.05). And the abdominal cavity infection rate, abdominal drainage rate and 30-day readmission rate were also similar (P > 0.05). But LA group had less operative time, lower infection operative wound rate, less intestinal function recovery time, shorter inhospital days and higher hospital expenses than OA group (P < 0. 05). In addition, perforated appendix and LA could increase the rate of abdominal drainage[OR=2.710, 95% CI(1.129, 6.507), P=0.026]. ConclusionsBoth LA and OA are safe and effective methods for the treatment of acute appendicitis. But LA has several advantages over OA on less operative time and postoperative complications, earlier recovery, and shorter inhospital days. While LA have higher hospital cost than OA, it still should be considered as a prefer way to cure acute appendicitis. LA is a independent risk factor of abdominal drainage.