ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary thyroid lymphoma.MethodThrough reading of relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years, the diagnosis and treatment progress of primary thyroid lymphoma were summarized.ResultsThe pathogenesis of primary thyroid lymphoma was associated with chronic inflammatory stimuli such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Its preoperative diagnosis mainly relied on ultrasound-guided biopsy. The treatment depended mainly on its pathological type and tumor stage. Surgical resection was mainly used for pathological biopsy and relieving compression symptoms, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the main treatments.ConclusionsPrimary thyroid lymphoma is a rare thyroid malignancy. Being familiar with and understands its clinicopathological features have important guiding significance for preoperative diagnosis, clearing pathological type and staging, and selection of reasonable treatment measures.