Testing Treatments is a book to help the public understand how to validate the efficacy of testing treatments and the possible bias and error in clinical trial, as well as to call for help to promote good study thus to improve the quality of health care. No matter for the first or the second edition, this book is very popular around the world, and its second edition has been translated into more than ten languages. To help the readers understand the content of the book, we established a website (www.testingtreatments.org) and other sibling sites in different languages. The website not only provided the full-texts to download, but also collected various popular science resources (videos, audios and cartoons) to help the readers assimilate more knowledge. The editors of all the different language websites have established an TTi Editorial Alliance to share experience and provide each other with mutual support, thus to promote health professionals, patients and public around the world to use reliable research to inform their health decisions.
In order to meet the rapid development of in-vitro diagnostic reagent (IVD) market and the development needs of laboratory medicine, and ensure efficient management and cost control in IVD purchasing, it is necessary to build the purchasing management standard, improve the purchasing quality of IVD, reduce the overall hospital costs, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of clinical test results. Through three aspects: the preparation before business negotiation, business negotiation, and execution after business negotiation, this article clarifies the self-bidding procurement process of IVD, and emphasizes the importance of knowledge in IVD procurement management, so as to provide references and suggestions for novice buyers to get familiar with the business quickly and improve their negotiation ability.
Objective To learn and analyse the current clinicians’ knowledge and attitudes towards patient safety, and to provide relevant evidence for future medical education. Method We conducted a survey on clinicians mainly in West China Hospital of Sichuan University with group random sampling method. We analysed the data on the clinicians’ knowledge and attitudes with SPSS softerware. Result Totally 300 questionnaires were distributed, of which 258 were completed adequately. The results showed the clinicians’ knowledge on patient safety was poor, however, the respcnse from the clinicians in Outpatient Department were better than those in Inpatient Department. The majority of the clinicians (above 95.00%) were willing to learn the knowledge of patient safety. Conclusion As the clinicians are willing to learn the knowledge of patient safety positively, it is necessary to integrate patient safety education into the current medical education curriculum.
ObjectiveTo understand the levels of and influencing factors for knowledge of earthquake in the elderly population. MethodPeople who were older than 60 years in the earthquake area of Sichuan Province were surveyed by self-designed earthquake knowledge scale composed of 6 items with a point of 1-5 for each item between October and November 2013. The total score ranged from 6 to 30 points. ResultsUp to 1 509 elderly people participated the survey. The total score of earthquake knowledge was 13.33±4.85. The main resource for acquiring those knowledge was TV (76.87%). Occupation, education level, residency, marital status, residence, self-injury, health status, access to earthquake knowledge, and worrying about earthquake were related factors for their knowledge on earthquake (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the higher degree of education, having a spouse, living in city, more access to earthquake knowledge, worrying about earthquake were the promotion factors for earthquake knowledge preparedness. Self-injury, poor health were the factors that hindered the acquiring of earthquake knowledge preparedness. ConclusionsIt is necessary to train knowledge of earthquake for elderly people individually because they lack enough resources and tend to be affected by many factors.
ObjectivesTo investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hepatitis E among Anlu residents and to identify the influencing factors.MethodsA stratified random sampling method was used and 1 840 Anlu residents were recruited between March 2019 and September 2019. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors by SPSS 22.0 software.ResultsThe overall awareness rate of residents was 36.32%. There were statistically significant differences in age, occupation category and education (P<0.05). Qualification rate of awareness increased with age until age 40, but not with age after 40. Individuals occupationally exposed to swines (swine breeders, sales staff, slaughterers) had the lowest rates. Education level was positively associated with the qualification rate of awareness. The overall positive attitude rate was 53.89%. The overall healthy behavior rate was 82.95%.ConclusionsThe overall knowledge and awareness of hepatitis E among Anlu residents is low, especially individuals who have been occupationally exposed to swines. Health education and promotion programs are necessary.
Objective To evaluate the control status and knowledge level about disease in asthmatic patients in hospitals of different grades in Gansu province, and provide a basis for proposing a work plan forprevention and treatment of asthma in Gansu province.Methods We performed a questionnaire investigation in a face-to-face manner in asthmatic patients from hospitals of three different grades, which included a grade 3A hospital, a grade 3B hospital, and a grade 2A hospital.Results A total of 542 asthmatic patients were investigated. The percentage of complete controlled, well controlled and uncontrolled were 3. 5% , 16. 9% and 79. 5% respectively. The rate of complete controlled was low in three hospitals without significant difference ( 3. 6% , 3. 4% , and 3. 3% , respectively) . The rate of well controlled in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals was higher than that in the grade 2A hospital ( 20. 4% and 18. 3% vs. 8. 2% ,P lt;0. 05) . 41. 4% of the respondents had been hospitalized for exacerbation in the past one year, and the rate was higher in the grade 2A hospital than that in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals ( 58. 2% vs. 31. 8% and 42. 9%, P lt;0. 01) . 46. 9% of the patients had visited the emergency department, and the rate was higher in the grade 2A hospital than that in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals ( 63. 9% vs. 41. 6% and 42. 3% , P lt;0. 01) . 23. 6% of the respondents had underwent lung function test follow-up during the past one year, andthe rate in the grade 3A hospital was higher than that in the grade 3B and 2A hospitals( 79. 2% vs. 44% and 40. 2%, P lt;0. 01) . Only 2. 8% of the patients in the grade 3A hospital had used peak flowmeter regularly.There were 19. 7% of the patients received a long-term treatment plan by specialists, and the rate in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals was higher than that in the grade 2A hospital ( 22. 4% and 21. 7% vs. 11. 5% ,P lt;0. 05) . 30. 6% of the respondents insisted on using inhaled corticosteroid ( ICS) or combination of ICS and long acting β2 -agonist ( ICS/LABA) , and the rate was higher in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals than that in the grade 2A hospital ( 33. 9% and 32. 6% vs. 21. 3% , P lt;0. 05) . 27. 7% of the patients had used the theophylline drugs regularly, and there were no significant differences in three hospitals. 30. 3% of the patients did not used the drugs regularly, and most of these patients were from the grade 2A and 3B hospitals ( 54. 1% and 32. 9% respectively) . 11. 4% of the patients has used antibiotics, herbal medicine or other drugs. And most of these patients were from the grade 2A and 3B hospitals ( 50% and 30. 6% respectively) . 26. 2% of the patients believed that asthma is an inflammatory disease. 51. 3% of the patients selected ICS ( or ICS/LABA) as the first line medicine, and the rate in the grade 3A hospital was higher than that in the grade 3B and 2A hospitals ( P lt;0. 05) . Only13. 1% -14. 7% of the patients attended the lecture about asthma in hospitals in the past one year, and the rate in the grade 3A hospital was thehighest, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions The lack of the awareness, the poor control, and the non-standardized treatment and management of the disease are the main obstacles in the control of asthma in Gansu province, especially in township hospitals.
Objective To learn the current status of knowledge about Schistosomiasis prevention among high school students in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing and to provide baseline information for the implementation of the intervention. Methods We took a cluster random sampling method and selected 1 068 high school students from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and control areas to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results The awareness rate of the knowledge about schistosomiasis prevention was low, and the awareness rate of 8 items out of 10 was even below 20%. The passing rates in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and control areas were 16% or less. Conclusion It is necessary to perform various forms of health education intervention for high school students in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, strengthening their awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and enhancing their self-protection capability, which can thus lead to people’s deeper understanding of schistosomiasis prevention.
Glaucoma is one of blind causing diseases. The cup-to-disc ratio is the main basis for glaucoma screening. Therefore, it is of great significance to precisely segment the optic cup and disc. In this article, an optic cup and disc segmentation model based on the linear attention and dual attention is proposed. Firstly, the region of interest is located and cropped according to the characteristics of the optic disc. Secondly, linear attention residual network-34 (ResNet-34) is introduced as a feature extraction network. Finally, channel and spatial dual attention weights are generated by the linear attention output features, which are used to calibrate feature map in the decoder to obtain the optic cup and disc segmentation image. Experimental results show that the intersection over union of the optic disc and cup in Retinal Image Dataset for Optic Nerve Head Segmentation (DRISHTI-GS) dataset are 0.962 3 and 0.856 4, respectively, and the intersection over union of the optic disc and cup in retinal image database for optic nerve evaluation (RIM-ONE-V3) are 0.956 3 and 0.784 4, respectively. The proposed model is better than the comparison algorithm and has certain medical value in the early screening of glaucoma. In addition, this article uses knowledge distillation technology to generate two smaller models, which is beneficial to apply the models to embedded device.
ObjectiveTo investigate the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice of patient identification in nurses, and provide a basis for clinical managers to carry out targeted training.MethodsA total of 3 696 nurses of tertiary, secondary, and primary hospitals in Guizhou Province were recruited and investigated for the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice of patient identification with a questionnaire by using convenient sampling in May 2019.ResultsThe scores of identification knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 3 696 nurses were 47.87±6.10, 27.39±3.15, and 57.19±4.86, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the educational level was, the higher the score of nurses’ knowledge of patient identification was [odds ratio (OR)=1.592, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.084, 2.338), P=0.018]; the higher the personal monthly income was, the more positive the nurses’ attitude towards patient identification was [OR=1.570, 95%CI (1.005, 2.453), P=0.048].ConclusionsThe general situation of patient identification in nurses is good, but there are still differences among nurses with different characteristics. It is suggested that managers should pay special attention to the training of nurses with low educational level and low income, make them master the knowledge of patient identification, at the same time, improve their enthusiasm and standardize their behavior, so as to ensure the safety of patients.
ObjectiveTo analyze the hotspots and frontiers of oral lichen planus research by bibliometric methods.MethodsWe searched Web of Science Core Collection database to obtain studies on oral lichen planus from inception to January 1st, 2020. After data extraction, Excel 2016 and CiteSpace software were used to carry out descriptive and visual analysis.ResultsA total of 3 105 articles and reviews were included, and the annual publication volume showed a steady growth trend. The research hotspot terms of oral lichen planus were cancer, lesion, and management of the disease. Moreover, pathogenesis, potentially malignant disorder, classification, and diagnosis were defined as novel research frontiers.ConclusionsThrough the bibliometric method, the research hotspots and frontiers of oral lichen planus are displayed intuitively, which provides references for future research.