Objective To investigate the effect of domestic porous tantalum encapsulated with pedicled fascial flap on repairing of segmental bone defect in rabbits’ radius. Methods A total of 60 New Zealand white rabbits (aged 6- 8 months and weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group (30 rabbits each group). A 1.5 cm segmental bone defect in right radius was established as the animal model. The porous tantalums encapsulated with pedicled fascial flaps (30 mm×20 mm) were implanted in the created bone defect in the experimental group, and the porous tantalums were only implanted in the control group. X-ray films were observed at the day after operation and at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after operation. Specimens were taken out at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after operation for HE staining and toluidine blue staining observation. The maximum load force and bending strength were detected by three point bending biomechanical test, and the Micro-CT analysis and quantitative analysis of the new bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were performed at 16 weeks after operation to compare the bone defect repair abilityin vivo in 2 groups. Results All incisions healed by first intention without wound infection. At 4, 8, and 16 weeks after operation, the X-ray films showed that the implants were well maintained without apparent displacement. As followed with time, the combination between the implants and host bone became more and more closely, and the fracture line gradually disappeared. HE staining and toluidine blue staining showed that new bone mass and maturity gradually increased at the interface and inside materials in 2 groups, and the new bone gradually growed from the interface to internal pore. At 16 weeks after operation, the three point bending biomechanical test showed that the maximum load force and bending strength in the experimental were (96.54±7.21) N and (91.26±1.76) MPa respectively, showing significant differences when compared with the control group [(82.65±5.65) N and (78.53±1.16) MPa respectively] (t=3.715, P=0.004; t=14.801, P=0.000). And Micro-CT analysis exhibited that there were a large amount of new bone at the interface and the surface of implant materials and inside the materials. The new bone BV/TV in the experimental group (32.63%±3.56%) was significantly higher than that in control group (25.07%±4.34%) (t=3.299, P=0.008). Conclusion Domestic porous tantalum encapsulated with pedicled fascial flap can increase local blood supply, strengthen material bone conduction ability, and promote the segmental bone defect repair.