【摘要】 目的 了解围手术期预防性应用抗菌药物的现状并评价其合理性。 方法 采用回顾性调查的方法，随机抽查2009年1-12月500例Ⅰ类切口围手术期患者资料，填写设计的《外科围手术期预防性应用抗菌药物调查表》，对预防用药的适应证、用药种类、联合用药、给药时机及持续时间进行统计分析。 结果 500例中，未使用抗菌药物5例，预防性使用抗菌药物495例，不合理或欠合理80例（16.00%）。预防性使用抗菌药物总例次为540，其中头孢菌素类453例次（83.89%），青霉素类（包括酶抑制剂）26例次（4.81%），喹诺酮类44例次（8.15%），林可酰胺类17例次（3.15%）。头孢唑啉钠使用178例次（32.96%）居第1位，头孢替唑钠使用151例次（27.96%）。 结论 Ⅰ类切口手术围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物较为合理，但仍存在用药指征把握不严，抗菌药物的选择、使用时间较长等问题，有待进一步规范化管理。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the prophylactic application of antibiotics during the perioperative period of type I incisions. Methods The clinical data of 500 patients with type I incisions from January to December of 2009 were retrospectively analyzed by self-designed questionnaire survey. The indication of antibiotics usage, choice of antibiotics categories, combination of antibiotics,giving time and length of antibiotics usage were analyzed. Results In 500 patients, only 5 were not given antibiotics, 80 (16%) were given antibiotics unnecessarily. In 540 patients who had underwent the antibiotic administration, 453 (16%) were administrated with cephalosporins, 44 (8.15%) were with fluoroquinolones, 26 (4.81%) were with penicillins, and 17 (3.15%) were with lincomycins. Cefazolin, the most used antibiotics, was given in 178 patients (32.96%)。Ceftezole was given in 151 patients (27.96%). Conclusion The prophylactic application of antibiotics during the perioperative period of type I incisions is basically rational, however, there were also some problems, such as using antibiotics unnecessary, mischoice of antibiotics and using antibiotics too long. Thus, we need management of prophylactic antibiotics usage.