ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of BOPPPS method in teaching of evidence-based medicine for undergraduates.MethodsTwo classes from the first and second clinical medical college of Lanzhou University were randomly selected as BOPPPS group and traditional teaching group, respectively. The examination scores and questionnaire were used in combination to evaluate the teaching effectiveness. EpiData 3.1 software was used for data entry. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 25 students were in BOPPPS group and 26 in traditional teaching group. Baseline characteristics such as gender, age, participation in scientific researches, publication of articles were balanced between two groups. The score of the BOPPPS group was higher than that of the traditional teaching group, and there was a significant difference between two groups in evidence searching, evidence evaluation and total score (P<0.05). Compared with traditional teaching group, more students from BOPPPS group deem that study interest, learning initiative, problem analysis and solving capability, self-study capability, communication between teachers and students, information acquisition capability, information analysis and utilization capability, speech capability and so on are improved, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe BOPPPS teaching mode is beneficial for undergraduates to improve innovative and practical capability, and improve quality and effectiveness of evidence-based medicine teaching.
Objective PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) has emerged as a promising tool for cancer diagnosis. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the existing literature and systematically assess the diagnostic performance of piRNAs in cancer, as well as identify potential sources of inter-study heterogeneity to provide information for clinical practice. MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect diagnostic trials of piRNAs in cancer from inception to April 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, and statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software. ResultsA total of 17 papers (46 studies) involving 4 956 cancer patients and 3 759 controls were included. The range of sensitivity was 21%-100% and the range of specificity was 50%-100%. Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity of piRNA for the diagnosis of cancer was 0.74 (95%CI 0.68 to 0.79), the specificity was 0.79 (95%CI 0.75 to 0.82), the PLR was 3.49 (95%CI 3.01 to 4.05), the NLR was 0.33 (95%CI 0.27 to 0.40), DOR of 11 (95%CI 8 to 14), and AUC of 0.83 (95%CI 0.80 to 0.86), indicating that piRNA had high accuracy for cancer diagnosis. Conclusion piRNA shows promise as a reliable biomarker for cancer diagnosis, with good sensitivity and specificity. However, the lack of standardization and result reproducibility remain significant challenges in the clinical application of piRNA-based diagnostics.