Objective To observe the expressions of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in muscle satell ite cells in situ of normal and cardiotoxin-intoxicated muscle tissues so as to further investigate the molecular mechanism involving inmuscle regeneration such as progressing muscular dystrophy (PMD) for seeking the way to cure muscle retrogression. Methods The muscle injured model of 12 C57 male mice was made by injecting cardiotoxin (5 μg per mouse) in left quadriceps femoris, their right quadriceps femoris was used as control without any injection. The histological, immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR were done to investigate the expression of CXCR4 in the quadriceps femoris in situ after 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. Results HE staining results demonstrated that the muscle tissues experienced the process from muscle injury, repair to regeneration. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of CXCR4 in injured muscle tissue were 1 955.6 ± 150.3, 2 223.2 ± 264.3, 2 317.6 ± 178.7, 3 066.5 ± 269.6, 1 770.9 ± 98.7 and 1 505.7 ± 107.1 at 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after injection of cardiotoxin, there was significant difference when compared with normal muscle (640.3 ± 124.0, P lt; 0.001). The RT-PCR showed that the expressions of CXCR4 mRNA in injured muscle tissue were0.822 ± 0.013, 0.882 ± 0.025, 1.025 ± 0.028, 1.065 ± 0.041, 0.837 ± 0.011 and 0.777 ± 0.015 at 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after injection of cardiotoxin, there was significant difference when compared with normal muscle (0.349 ± 0.006, P lt; 0.001). Conclusion CXCR4 may be the critical protein in the process of muscle impairment and reparation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of domestic MP1000 robotic surgical system assisted thyroidectomy via submaxillary approach in porcine animal model. MethodThe thyroidectomy process assisted by the MP1000 robotic surgical system via submaxillary approach for a Bama pig in the 960th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force was retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe operation was performed as planned programme using the MP1000 robotic surgical system without opening, adding or lengthening the surgical incision. There was no mechanical problems during the MP1000 robotic surgical operation. The operative time was 53 min and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was 10 mL. There was no shaking of instruments and robotic arm during the operation, and the 3 surgical instruments cooperated skillfully, the establishment of surgical operation space successfully was completed, the thyroid blood vessels accurately and finely was dissected, and the separation, coagulation and cutting of blood vessels were smoothly completed. The recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland were delicately dissected and protected. The carotid sheath, trachea, esophagus, and other important organs around the thyroid did not be damaged. The master-slave mapping frequency was high, and there was no delay sense during the operation. The lens resolution of MP1000 was 1 920×1 080, the surgical field of vision was clear, no visual field was defected and the visual field was stable and not shaking, light source front and intelligent adaptive temperature control system reduced the fogging of the lens, and the lens was scoured for 4 times during the operation. ConclusionAccording to the preliminary results of the experimental animal in this study, MP1000 robotic surgical system can successfully complete thyroidectomy via submaxillary approach in porcine animal model.