Objective To review the research progress of the location marker of rotational alignment of the distal femur. Methods The recent literature concerning the location marker of rotational alignment of the distal femur at home and abroad was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results Femoral prosthesis malrotational alignment could lead to some patellofemoral complications, such as dislocation of the patella, snapping, wear, and patellar pain. There are many methods to determining femoral component rotational alignment in the artificial total knee arthroplasty, including transepicondylar axis line, anterior posterior axis, the posterior condyles line, flexion gap balance technology, and computer navigation technology. Correct choice of the rotational alignment of the distal femur is crucial in reducing postoperative complications and the revision rate. Suitable reference axis is chosen during total knee arthroplasty to ensure the accuracy of the rotation axis of the femoral prosthesis, but it is currently still controversial. Conclusion The rotational alignment of the distal femur is an extremely important part to affect the prognosis of total knee arthroplasty. The methods to determine the rotational alignment of the distal femur need to be further improved.
Objective To review recent advance in the application and research of three-dimensional digital knee model. Methods The recent original articles about three-dimensional digital knee model were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The digital three-dimensional knee model can simulate the knee complex anatomical structure very well. Based on this, there are some developments of new software and techniques, and good clinical results are achieved. Conclusion With the development of computer techniques and software, the knee repair and reconstruction procedure has been improved, the operation will be more simple and its accuracy will be further improved.
Objective To review the influencing factors of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for patellar dislocation. Methods The literature of MPFL reconstruction for patellar dislocation at home and abroad in recent years were summarized and analyzed. Results The influencing factors such as the location of the femoral insertion point, the tension and the fixed angle of the grafts, the dysplasia of the femoral trochlear before operation, the abnormal tuberositas tibiae-trochlear groove value, the high position of the patellar, and the tilting angle of the patellar, are all the factors affecting the effectiveness of MPLF reconstruction. Conclusion During MPFL reconstruction, the surgical techniques and elimination of other factors that caused patellar instability need to be focused in order to reduce the complications and operation failure.
ObjectiveTo summarize the regulatory effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage injury.MethodsThe molecular functions and mechanisms of lncRNA were introduced and its regulatory effects on the pathological processes of OA were elaborated by referring to the relevant literature at domestic and abroad in recent years.ResultsThe pathological characteristics of OA are degeneration of articular cartilage and inflammation of synovial tissue, but its etiology and pathological mechanism have not been clarified. lncRNA is a kind of heterogeneous non-coding RNA, which plays a regulatory role in many inflammation-related diseases and exerts a wide range of biological functions. lncRNA is a regulator involved in the pathogenesis of OA, and is abnormally expressed in OA cartilage, leading to the degeneration of the extracellular matrix of cartilage.ConclusionAt present, there have been preliminary studies on the pathological effects of lncRNA in regulating OA and the biological functions of chondrocytes. However, the pathogenesis of lncRNA and its regulatory network in OA and the way in which it regulates inflammatory pathways are still unclear, and further exploration is needed.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of location methods and the best femoral insertion position of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction of femoral tunnel, and provide reference for surgical treatment.MethodsThe literature about femoral insertion position of the MPFL reconstruction in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of MPFL, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of femoral tunnel positioning methods were summarized.ResultsThe accurate establishment of the femoral anatomical tunnel is crucial to the success of MPFL reconstruction. At present, there are mainly two kinds of methods for femoral insertion: radiographic landmark positioning method and anatomical landmark positioning method. Radiographic landmark positioning method has such advantages as small incision and simple operation, but it can not be accurately positioned for patients with severe femoral trochlear dysplasia. It is suggested to combine with the anatomical landmark positioning method. These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no unified positioning standard. In recent years, the use of three-dimensional design software can accurately assist in the MPFL reconstruction, which has become a new trend.ConclusionFemoral tunnel positioning of the MPFL reconstruction is very important. The current positioning methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Personalized positioning is a new trend and has not been widely used in clinic, its effectiveness needs further research and clinical practice and verification.
Objective To evaluate the osteogenesis of bi phasic ceramic-l ike biologic bone (BCBB) with tissue engineering in repairing segmental bone defects. Methods BMSCs isolated from the femoral and tibial marrow of 2-weekold Japanese white rabbit were cultured to passage 3. Then 20 μL of the cell suspension at a concentration of 1 × 107 cells/mLwere seeded into 15 mm × 15 mm × 5 mm BCBB block; the construction of tissue engineered BCBB was completed after 8 days of compound culture. Forty-eight adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and D, then BCBBs cultured with BMSCs in vitro for 8 days (group A) and only BCBBs without BMSCs (group B) were respectively implanted into the radius segmental bone defects of rabbits, autogenous il iac bone graft (group C) and empty defect (group D) were used as controls. The specimens were examined after 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks, the osteogenesis was evaluated through X-ray radiograph and histology examination. Results X-ray examination: the border between the material and host’s bone was clear after 4 weeks, and blurred after 8 weeks in group A and group B; the density of some part of the edge of the material was similar to that of radius and there was high density imaging in the materials of group A after 12 weeks; there was much high density imaging in the materials of group B after 12 weeks. The medullary cavity of bone was formed and l ittle high density imaging in the materials of group A after 24 weeks. Some high density imaging still existed in the materials of group B after 24 weeks. The X-ray evaluated scores showed that the scores of group A was higher than that of group B, and there was significant difference between group A and group B after 12 and 24 weeks (P lt; 0.05). Histological examination: there was new bone formation in the materials and also new bone grew adhesively on the surface of BCBB in group A. While in group B only new bone grew and attached to the surface of BCBB. BCBB degraded more with the time and more new bone formed. The histological evaluation showed that the bone forming area in group A was more than that in group B, and there was significant difference between group A and group B (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The osteogenesis of BCBB with tissue engineering was superior to only BCBB, BCBB could be used as a scaffold of bone tissue engineering.
Traditional depression research based on electroencephalogram (EEG) regards electrodes as isolated nodes and ignores the correlation between them. So it is difficult to discover abnormal brain topology alters in patients with depression. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a framework for depression recognition based on brain function network (BFN). To avoid the volume conductor effect, the phase lag index is used to construct BFN. BFN indexes closely related to the characteristics of “small world” and specific brain regions of minimum spanning tree were selected based on the information complementarity of weighted and binary BFN and then potential biomarkers of depression recognition are found based on the progressive index analysis strategy. The resting state EEG data of 48 subjects was used to verify this scheme. The results showed that the synchronization between groups was significantly changed in the left temporal, right parietal occipital and right frontal, the shortest path length and clustering coefficient of weighted BFN, the leaf scores of left temporal and right frontal and the diameter of right parietal occipital of binary BFN were correlated with patient health questionnaire 9-items (PHQ-9), and the highest recognition rate was 94.11%. In addition, the study found that compared with healthy controls, the information processing ability of patients with depression reduced significantly. The results of this study provide a new idea for the construction and analysis of BFN and a new method for exploring the potential markers of depression recognition.
The causes of mental disorders are complex, and early recognition and early intervention are recognized as effective way to avoid irreversible brain damage over time. The existing computer-aided recognition methods mostly focus on multimodal data fusion, ignoring the asynchronous acquisition problem of multimodal data. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph (VG) to solve the problem of asynchronous data acquisition. First, time series electroencephalograms (EEG) data are mapped to spatial visibility graph. Then, an improved auto regressive model is used to accurately calculate the temporal EEG data features, and reasonably select the spatial metric features by analyzing the spatiotemporal mapping relationship. Finally, on the basis of spatiotemporal information complementarity, different contribution coefficients are assigned to each spatiotemporal feature and to explore the maximum potential of feature so as to make decisions. The results of controlled experiments show that the method in this paper can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of mental disorders. Taking Alzheimer's disease and depression as examples, the highest recognition rates are 93.73% and 90.35%, respectively. In summary, the results of this paper provide an effective computer-aided tool for rapid clinical diagnosis of mental disorders.
ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of the treatment of laparoscopic splenectomy for patients with traumatic splenic rupture. MethodsBetween October 2006 and October 2009, 48 cases of traumatic splenic rupture underwent laparoscopic splenectomy were analyzed in this hospital. According to the differrent styles of splenic stalk, different operative methods were taken， including titanic clipping in 12 cases， titanic clipping combining silk suture ligation in 8 cases， snare combining titanic clipping in 10 cases， LigaSure in 8 cases， and EndoGIA in 8 cases. ResultsLaparoscopic splenectomy was successfully completed in 32 cases; Handassisted laparoscopic splenectomy was applied in 14 cases, and 2 cases were converted to laparotomy because of tight spleen adhesion with surrounding tissues and bleeding rupture of the short gastric vessels. The operation time was 120－170 min with an average 140 min; the estimated intraoperative amount of blood loss was 300－1 200 ml with an average 800 ml. No postoperative complication occurred such as gastric fistula, pancreatic fistula or hemorrhage. Conclusion According to the differrent styles of splenic stalk, individual operative method can improve mission success rate in the laparoscopic splenectomy in traumatic splenic rupture.
Objective To summarize the molecular biological research progress of non-coding RNAs modulating osteoarthritis (OA), and provide a reference basis for biological study and clinical treatment of OA. Methods Recent domestic and foreign related literature about the regulation of OA pathological process by non-coding RNAs was widely reviewed. Results Non-coding RNAs can be divided into three types based on the length of RNA. A lot of non-coding RNAs participating in OA pathological process are screened out by high throughput sequencing technology and microarray technology, and it is verified that these non-coding RNAs involve in the regulation of OA by RT-PCR. The mechanism of OA mediated target is clarified by knocking-down and overexpressing of the most prominent expressed non-coding RNAs in OA. There are the complicated gene expressed network topology in non-coding RNAs, and between non-coding RNAs and coding RNAs. It provides a basis for clearing the effect of gene structure and function, and finding the definite therapeutic target of OA. Conclusion There is preliminary study on molecular biological mechanism of non-coding RNAs mediating OA, but the key structure or sequence of non-coding RNAs, formation and interaction of effecting composite structure about mediating OA are unknown, and it needs further study.