Objective To review the current progress of human facial allotransplantation in China and the other countries. Methods The recent literature concerned with human facial allotransplantation was extensively reviewed and briefly summarized. Results According to the literature reviewed, the main issues could be divided into four categories: technical aspects,immunological aspects,psychological and social issues ethicaland legal problems related to facial allotransplantation. However, because of the complexity of the human facial allotransplantation, which involved many problems related to immunity, psychology, society, ethics, etc., there was much controversy in this field. Conclusion In spite of the existent problems, facial allotransplantation in humans has still benefited the patient whose face is severely disfigured.
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disorder with significant morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGN) resection. We should make efforts to increase surgeons' awareness of risk factors of PE and their understanding of the effectiveness of prevention strategies. Using the optimal risk assessment model to identify high-risk patients and give them the individualized prophylaxis. Early diagnosis and accurate risk stratification is mandatory to reduce the rates of PE, to decrease health care costs and shorten the length of stay. This article summarizes the risk factors, diagnostic process, risk assessment models, prophylaxis and therapy for the PE patients who underwent GGN resection.
The quality control of lung transplantation involves many aspects, such as team building, selection of recipients, preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of recipients, maintenance of brain-dead donors, evaluation and acquisition of donors, surgical operation, postoperative management and postoperative follow-up. Precision management is the core concept of operation quality control. Only by normalizing the operation quality control of lung transplantation to provide basic guarantee for multi-team cooperation and development of lung transplantation management in the future, building a complete lung transplantation database to excavate data resources and improve the quality of transplantation, and comprehensively building a Chinese lung transplantation quality control system with multi-team participation and cooperation, can we improve the overall level of surgical diagnosis and treatment of lung transplantation in China.