Objective To summarize the research progress of gastric schwannoma (GS). Methods GS related researches and case reports were collected to make a review on general clinical manifestations, pathology characteristics, auxiliary examinations, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Results GS is rare in clinical reports, and it is lack of tissue specificity. Diagnosis is rely mainly on the expressions of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). All kinds of auxiliary examinations, such as gastrointestinal angiography, ultrasound, endoscope, CT, an so on, could not independently as a diagnostic basis. Identification between GS and other gastric tumors is difficult, and GS is not sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, the main treatment is surgery. Conclusions GS is a kind of rare tumor which occurs in gastric mucosa, immunohistochemistry is the most main examination for the diagnosis of GS. The surgical excision is the main treatment for GS, but the safety and efficacy of combination therapy of laparoscopy and endoscopy remains to be study.
ObjectiveTo explore new mechanisms of cross-species regulation of plant microRNA (miRNA) to regulate human health and disease.MethodThe recently relevant literatures on the new mechanisms of cross-species regulation of the plant miRNA for the health and disease of human were reviewed.ResultsThe phytochemicals played an important role in the maintaining human health and regulating diseases, and the plant miRNA cross-species regulation also played an important role in it. Its possible regulatory mechanism was that the mature plant miRNA came into the animal body through the gastrointestinal tract. It firstly passed through the gastrointestinal tract and then came into the microvesicles secreted by the small intestine. It was targeted to the organ or tissue through passing of the animal circulatory system. The plant miRNA passing through the gastrointestinal tract was highly matched with the target mRNA to perform its biological regulatory role.ConclusionsAlthough studies have confirmed that plant miRNA can regulate animal specific biological functions across gastrointestinal tract and it provides an experimental basis for plants to participate in new mechanisms for regulating occurrence and development of human health and disease, whether or not miRNA in food is affected by way it is processed, transported, stored, and extent to which it is affected, remains to be explored. At the same time, content of plant miRNA in animals is very low and types of plant miRNA in different animals are not same. Although the above issues have been unresolved, it is believed that with research progresses, mastering mechanism of miRNA cross-species regulation will greatly help to prevent human diseases and maintain health of body.
ObjectiveTo summarize research progress of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its potential clinical application value.MethodThe relevant literatures at home and abroad on the mechanism of FXR regulating occurrence and development of HCC were reviewed.ResultsIn the occurrence and development of HCC, the FXR expression could be down-regulated through the inflammation-related pathways and epigenetic silencing. The FXR mightbe play an important role in the regulatory mechanisms of down-regulation in the HCC, therapeutic targets, drug resistance, and so on.ConclusionFXR plays an important regulatory role in occurrence and development of HCC, which makes FXR might become a potential target in treatment of HCC.