ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical manifestations, basic diseases, imaging features, drug sensitivity results and recovery of Mycobacterium Kansasii pulmonary disease patients to enhance understanding of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 116 patients with Mycobacterium Kansas pulmonary disease diagnosed in Guangzhou chest hospital from January 2019 to September 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 116 patients with Mycobacterium kansasensei lung disease were 67 males and 49 females, aged 27 to 92 years, with clinical manifestations of cough and sputum (102 cases) and hemoptysis (48 cases) as the predominant symptoms. There were 98 cases with history of bronchiectasis, 8 cases with cancer,18 cases with cardiovascular disease, 22 cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10 cases with diabetes mellitus, 9 cases with rheumatoid immune system disease, 5 cases with pulmonary aspergillus infection, 2 cases with asthma, and 10 cases without underlying disease. All of them had lung shadows on imaging, including 30 cases with simple bronchodilatation manifestation, 48 cases with bronchodilatation combined with cavitation, 10 cases with patchy streak shadow, 18 cases with patchy streak shadow combined with cavitation, and 10 cases with nodules combined with cavitation. The results of drug sensitivity showed that the resistance rate of more than 50% was isoniazid (89.66%), streptomycin (75.87%), amikacin (72.41%), and isoniazid para-aminosalicylate (Likely Lung Disease) (56.90%); while the sensitivity rate of more than 50% was rifabutin (100%), moxifloxacin (94.83%), rifampicin (93.10%), prothioisonicotinamide ( 91.38%), levofloxacin (89.66%), ethambutol (84.48%), and linezolid (79.31%). 76 of the remaining 98 of 116 patients had negative sputum cultures within 1 year, with the exception of 12 who were left untreated and 6 who did not complete treatment. The 116 patients with Mycobacterium kansasensei lung disease presented with chronic cough, sputum, and hemoptysis, and most of them were combined with structural lung diseases such as bronchiectasis, or with underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus. Imaging features show pulmonary shadows. Moreover, Mycobacterium kansasii shows high sensitivity to most conventional antituberculosis drugs, which may result in a higher cure rate compared with other types of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Therefore, timely and well-conducted strain identification and drug sensitivity testing are essential for the development of a targeted treatment program that can significantly improve patient outcomes. Conclusions Clinical manifestations of 116 patients with Mycobacterium kansasense lung disease were characterized by chronic cough, sputum and hemoptysis, which were mostly combined with structural lung diseases such as bronchiectasis. The imaging features show pulmonary shadows. Mycobacterium kansasii exhibits a higher sensitivity rate to most conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs, which may result in a higher cure rate in treatment compared to other types of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases. Therefore, timely and comprehensive species identification and drug susceptibility testing are crucial for formulating targeted treatment regimens, which can significantly improve patients' treatment outcomes.
Objective To investigate the feasibil ity and effect of inducing adi pose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) treated with growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) to undergo chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Methods Six healthy Japanese rabbits aged 3 months (2-3 kg) of clean grade were chosen, irrespective of sex. ADSCs were isolated and cultured with collagenase digestion, then were detected and identified by vimentin immunohistochemistry and CD44, CD49d, CD106immunofluorescence staining. ADSCs at passage 3 were used and the cell density was adjusted to 1 × 106/mL, then the ADSCs were treated with 0, 10, 100 ng/mL GDF-5 and common cultural medium, respectively. The morphology changes of the induced ADSCs were observed by inverted contrast phase microscope and their growth state were detected by MTT. The mRNA quantities of Col II and proteoglycan expressed by the induced ADSCs were detected with RT-PCR. The Col II proteoglycan synthesized by the induced ADSCs were detected with alcian blue staining, toluidine blue staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blot method. Results ADSCs mostly presented small sphere, fusiform and polygon shape with positive expression of CD44 and CD49d and negative expression of CD106 and vimentin. The ADSCs treated with 100 ng/mL GDF-5 presented sphere or sphere-l ike change and vigorous prol iferation. The mRNA quantities of Col II and proteoglycan synthesized by the induced ADSCs treated with 0, 10, 100 ng/mL GDF-5 and common cultural medium increased in a dose-dependent manner at 7 days. There were significant differences among all the groups (P lt; 0.05), except that no significant difference was evident between the 0 ng/mL group and the 10 ng/mL group (P gt; 0.05). When ADSCs were treated with 100 ng/mL GDF-5 for 14 days, the Col II and the mRNA and protein quantities of ptoteoglycan reached the peak, and the results of alcian blue, toluidine blue and Col IIimmunohistochemistry staining were positive. Conclusion ADSCs treated with certain concentration of GDF-5 have higher expression of Col II and proteoglycan and possess partial biological function of chondrocyte.