Objective To explore changes and challenges on management of chronic pancreatitis. Methods The updated clinical guidelines and the latest research findings were collected and reviewed. Results The proposition of a new mechanistic definition and identification of an early stage give us a novel insight into chronic pancreatitis. The intraductal pancreatic calcifications has been regarded as the most reliable ultrasonography and CT features of chronic pancreatitis. In addition, the endoscopic ultrasonography is also of great value. The present surgical strategies are established on the concepts of step-up approach and damage control. The surgery perform better than the endoscopic treatment in the long-term outcome, but the timing course of surgery need to be further investigated. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment plays a critical role in cases of chronic pancreatitis. More patients of chronic pancreatitis should be treated in a multidisciplinary team as future perspectives.
ObjectiveTo investigate the growth characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in the twodimensional culture system (monolayer) and threedimensional culture system (type Ⅰ collagen and extracellular matrix gel). MethodsThree pancreatic cancer cell lines (SW1990, PCT, and ASPC1) were cultured in monolayer, type Ⅰ collagen, and extracellular matrix gel, respectively. The growth patterns were observed, growth curves were detected by CCK8 test, and the cell cycle distributions were analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Results In the twodimensional culture system, cells grew in monolayer. In the type Ⅰ collagen and the ECM gel threedimensional culture system, cells formed multicellular spheroids (MCS), of which the growth rates were slower than those of the cells in monolayer. The proportions of S phase of SW1990, PCT, and ASPC1 cells in twodimensional culture system were significantly more than those in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d and 8 d 〔(29.6±3.0)% vs. (18.2±5.1)%, (33.6±2.1)% vs. (14.5±3.2)%, (33.1±1.8)% vs. (24.7±2.6)%; Plt;0.05〕, while the difference of proportion of three cell lines in G2/M phase was not different between twodimensional culture system and type Ⅰ collagen (Pgt;0.05). The proportions of G0/G1 phase of SW1990 and PCT cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d and 8 d and ASPC1 cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d were significant more than those cultured in twodimensional culture system (Plt;0.05). The proportions of S phase of ASPC1 cells and SW1990 cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d were significant more than those cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 8 d (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsThe characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in twodimensional and threedimensional culture systems are different. MCS culture system can better mimic the in vivo growth environment of cells in tumors.
Objective To investigate the mechanism of the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)mediated apoptosis. MethodsThe expression of TRAIL receptor-4 (TRAIL-R4) in normal pancreas tissue and pancreatic cancer was analyzed by using Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultsTRAIL-R4 mRNA and protein were expressed at moderate to high levels in human pancreatic cancer, but demonstrated weak to negative in the normal pancreas. Moreover, pancreatic cancer cells showed b TRAIL-R4 immunostaining throughout the tumor mass. Conclusion TRAIL-R4 levels are significantly different in pancreatic cancer in comparison to the normal pancreas. These findings give new insights into the resistance mechanisms of pancreatic cancer cells towards TRAILmediated apoptosis.
Objective To introduce the research progress in the effect of chemotherapeutic resistance of metabolic enzymes of gemcitabine to pancreatic cancer.Methods Recent literatures about metabolic enzymes that played key roles in mediating gemcitabine chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. Results The metabolic enzymes of gemcitabine, such as hENT1, dCK, RRM1 and CDA, were closely related to chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer. The relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of metabolic enzymes and the resistance to gemcitabine remained to be clarified. Conclusion Multiple factors are involved in the mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine, which needs further research.
Objective To evaluate the utility of collagen-gel droplet embedded-culture drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) in pancreatic carcinoma cell by compared with WST-8. Methods The chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), gemzar (GEM) and oxaliplatin (OXA) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells SW1990, PCT-3 and ASPC-1 were tested by WST-8 and CD-DST respectively. Results In a certain living cell number range (500-10 000), there was a linear correlation (r=0.991 1, P＜0.05) between the integral optical density in CD-DST and the cell number. The inhibition ratios of three kinds of cell growth tested by CD-DST were higher than those tested by WST-8 (P＜0.05). The results of drug chemosensitivity to 5-FU， GEM and OXA detected by two methods were uniform. Conclusion The CD-DST can be used to assay the drug chemosensitivity in vitro for pancreatic carcinoma.
【Abstract】 Objective To detect the expression of lung resistance protein (LRP) and investigate its significance in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (SW1990, PCT-2, PCT-3, PCT-4, Aspc-1, Capan-1, Mia-PaCa-2 and Panc-1). Methods Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were carried out to investigate the expression of LRP. Results LRP mRNA was absent in PCT-2 cell line by RT-PCR. Mild to moderate expression level was found in other pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. PCT-4, Aspc-1 and Panc-1 presented the highest LRP mRNA expression level, in contrast, SW1990, PCT-3, Capan-1 and Mia-PaCa-2 showed moderate LRP mRNA expression. The median value was 0.56±0.33. LRP was further validated by ICC. Absent to weak protein expression of LRP was found in PCT-2 and PCT-3. Overexpressed LRP was present in SW1990, Capan-1 and Aspc-1, furthermore, the highest expression of LRP was found in Panc-1, Mia-PaCa-2 and PCT-4 cell lines. Conclusion All these data showed that LRP might play an important role in multidrug resistance of pancreatic carcinoma.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy. Methods Recent literatures about the genes and signal pathways those play key roles in mediating gemcitabine chemotherapy resistance of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed.Results Oncogenes like c-Src and bcl-XL, inflammation pathway of NF-κB, cytokines like IL-1β and NO are closely related with the chemoresistance； the relationship between multiple drug resistance relevant genes like MDR1/P-gP and the resistance to gemcitabine remains to be clarified. Conclusion Genes and pathways like c-Src, bcl-XL, NF-κB, etc. might become new targets to increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of pancreatic cancer, however, the mechanism of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy resistance still needs further to be studied.
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of the liver hydatidosis in nonpastureland. Methods Clinical features of 16 patients with liver hydatidosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results Only 8 of 16 patients possessed the clinical symptoms and 8 patients had had history of inhabitancy in epidemic area. Casoni test and indirect hemagglutination showed a sensitivity of 90% and the correct diagnostic rate of CT was higher than that of B-ultrasound examination. The main effective treatment of the liver hydatidosis was surgical, 15 out of 16 patients received surgical treatment. In this series, the curative effect was good without any death, allergic reaction and implantation. Conclusion The cystic lesion of liver should be considered as liver hydatidosis and Casoni test, indirect hemagglutination, together with CT and B-us examination can be used to comfirm the diagnosis though no clinical symptoms and history of inhabitancy in epidemic area presented. Surgical operation is the main effective treatment for liver hydatidosis.
Objective To elucidate current research status of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and cancer immunity. Method The relevant literatures of relationship between IgG4 and cancer immunity were collected and reviewed. Results The IgG4 high-level and the intratumoral infiltration of the IgG4-positive plasma cells were the predictors for a worse prognosis in the cancer patients. The relationship between the serum IgG4 level and the prognosis in the cancer patients was unclear. The IgG4 related immunity might contribute to the tumor-associated escape from the immune surveillance. Conclusions Recent studies implicate that IgG4 might play a role in tumor progression. Specific mechanisms for IgG4 in tumor immune microenvironment need to be further explored. Dissecting relationship between IgG4 and cancer immunity might provide a novel idea for cancer therapy.
Objective To explore clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategy of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of colon. Methods A retrospective study of 3 patients with undifferentiated peomorphic sarcoma of the colon was conducted. These cases were treated at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 1983 to July 2016. In addition, the clinicopathologic data of 23 patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of colon reported in the literatures were analyzed. Results These 3 cases all received surgery in our hospital, including two patients who received postoperative radiotherapy. These three cases died of the local relapse or metastasis respectively at 5 months, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery. The 23 patients reported in the literatures were treated surgically except for 1 case, of which received chemotherapy after operation in the 2 cases, did not receive adjuvant therapy after operation in the 15 cases, were not reported clearly in the 6 cases. Sixteen cases had the results of follow-up, of which 9 cases had no recurrences or metastases and 7 cases died. Conclusions Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of colon has no specific clinical manifestation, it’s prognosis is very poor. Surgery is a main treatment for it at present. Thorough resection of tumor at an early stage is essential to patient’s recovery. Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy could be selected as postoperative adjuvant treatment, however, therapeutic schemes and effectiveness need further to be studied.