【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore risk factors of bile leakage after primary ductal closure following choledochotomy. MethodsA retrospective clinical analysis was made in 148 cases of Ttube drainage and 154 cases of primary common bile duct suture following choledochotomy admitted to our hospital from January 1999 to June 2003. Results Postoperative bile leakage was seen in 11 patients of the group with Ttube drainage and in 16 patients of the group with primary suture respectively, there was no significant difference(Pgt;0.05).In the group with primary common bile duct suture,the occurrence of bile leakage was relative with hyperglycemia(Plt;0.05)，hypoproteinemia (Plt;0.01)，bile duct repeated sutures(Plt;0.01)and positive bacterial culture in bile(Plt;0.05). Bile leakage was not relative with elder age (Pgt;0.05).Conclusion It is the key factors,including chosing appropriate patients, intraoperative special examination, careful manipulation and effective medical treatment that can reduce the morbidity of bile leakage.
Objective To investigate the surgical method and prel iminary cl inical result of managing the patient with lumbar burst fracture but not suitable for single-level fixation and fusion surgery with the reservation of the fractured vertebral body and the anterior decompression. Methods From September 2007 to December 2008, 11 patients with lumbar burst fracture underwent the removal of the posterior superior corner of the injured vertebral body, the removal of the inferior intervertebral disc adjacent to the injured vertebral body, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation. There were 8 males and3 females aged 21-48 years old (average 29.4 years old). All the fractures caused by fall ing from high places. Imaging exams confirmed all the fractures were Denis type B burst fracture. The fracture level was at the L1 in 4 cases, the L2 in 4 cases, the L3 in 2 cases, and the L4 in 1 case. Before operation, the nerve function was graded as grade B in 4 cases, grade C in 3 cases, and grade D in 4 cases according to Frankel scales; the visual analogue scale (VAS) was (7.30 ± 0.98) points; lateral X-ray films displayed the kyphosis Cobb angel was (24.94 ± 12.21)°; the adjacent superior and inferior intervertebral disc height was (12.78 ± 1.52) mm and (11.68 ± 1.04) mm, respectively; CT scan showed the vertebral canal sagittal diameter was (9.56 ± 2.27) mm; CT three-dimensional reconstruction revealed that the intact part of the injured vertebra was less than 50% vertebra body height and the fracture l ine crossed the pedicle. The time from injury to operation was 3-11 days (average 4.8 days). The neurological and radiological evaluations were carried out immediately and 3 months after operation, respectively, and compared with the condition before operation. Results All the patients successfully underwent the surgery. The wound all healed by first intention. All the patients were followed up for 6-18 months (average 14 months). All the patients had a certain degree of nerve function recovery. The Frankel scales in all the patients were increased by 1-2 grade immediately and 3 months after operation. The VAS score was (2.80 ± 1.49) points immediately after operation and (1.54 ± 0.48) points 3 months after operation, suggesting there were significant differences among three time points (P lt; 0.05). The vertebral canal sagittal diameter was significantly enlarged to (18.98 ± 4.82) mm immediately after operation and was (19.07 ± 4.37) mm 3 months after operation. The Cobb angle was (7.78 ± 4.52)° immediately after operation and (8.23 ± 3.57)° 3 months after operation. There were significant differences between before and after operation (P lt; 0.05). For the adjacent superior and inferior intervertebral disc height, there was no significant difference when the value immediately or 3 months after operation was compared with that of before operation (P gt; 0.05). X-ray films and CT scan 3 months after operation showed good internal fixation without theoccurrence of loosing and displacement. Conclusion For the treatment of lumbar burst fracture, the method of reserving the injured vertebral body and anterior decompression can decompress the vertebral canal and shorten the duration for bony fusion.
Objective To explore the correlation between the inserting angle of vertebral screws and the extent of post-operative lateral angulation instantly in sugery via anterior approach for thoracolumbar fractures. Methods The cl inical data were from 172 patients consecutively treated with surgery via anterior approach in thoracic and lumbar fractures betweenMay 2004 and January 2008. These cases included 124 males and 48 females at the age of 15-70 years old (mean 39 years old). One fracture were located at T11, 37 at T12, 88 at L1, 30 at L2, 15 at L3, 3 at L4. One segment was involved in 170 cases and two segments in 2 cases. According to Frankel assessment for neurological status, there were 19 cases of grade A, 24 cases of grade B, 45 cases of grade C, 53 cases of grade D, and 31 cases of grade E. The time from injury to operation was 2-30 days (median 8 days). According to the coronal Cobb angle instantly after surgery, the patients were divided into three groups: 0-5° group, 5-10° group and over 10°group. Every group was further divided into four subgroups according to the type of the internal fixation instruments: Z-plate subgroup, Antares subgroup, Profile subgroup and single screw rod (SSR) subgroup. Radiograph images were used to evaluate the coronal Cobb angle and inserting angle between the screws and end-plates. The screws were named as A, B, C and D in vertebral bodies from the cephal ic to the caudal portion. The angles between the superior endplate and the screws A, B were named as angles A, B, and the angles between the inferior endplate and the screws C, D were named as angles C, D. The differences were compared between the screw’s inserting angle A+D (or/and B+C) and the post-operative coronal Cobb angle instantly, and l inear regression analysis was done. The satisfaction survey was acommpl ished. Results Surfacialinfection occurred in 1 patient at 7 days and incision healed well after debridement; other incisions healed by first intention. A total of 172 cases were followed up for 6-49 months (mean 39 months). The degree of satisfaction was 3-10 points, median 8.5 points. Various degrees of neurological function recovered in final follow-up except patients for Frankel A grade. The mean coronal Cobb angles were (0.75 ± 3.91)° for pre-operatively, (3.17 ± 4.07)° for instantly post-operatively and (3.46 ± 4.21)° at last follow-up; showing statistically differences between pre-operatively and instantly post-operatively, between pre-operatively and at last follow-up (P lt; 0.05). Comparing the screw’s inserting angle A+D (or/and B+C) and the coronal Cobb angle, there was statistically significant difference between Z-Plate subgroup and other subgroups in 0-5° group (P lt; 0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences between other subgroups in each group (P gt; 0.05). Except the screw’s inserting angle A+D (Z-Plate and SSR subgroups) and angle B+C (Antares subgroup) in 0-5° group, the post-operative coronal Cobb angle correlated closely with the screw’s inserting angle A+D (or/and B+C) in other subgroups of 3 groups. Conclusion Nonparallel ism between the vertebral screws and the correlative end plate is one of the main causes of post-operative spinal lateral angulation.
Objective To compare the rib regeneration in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after convex short length rib resection or conventional thoracoplasty. Methods Between January 2005 and December 2009, 36 patients with Lenke 1 AIS underwent posterior correction, instrumentation, and fusion, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Conventional thoracoplasty was performed in group A (n=14), convex short length rib resection in group B (n=22). There was no significant difference in gender, age, Cobb angle of major curve, flexibility, and preoperative rib hump between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The standing long-cassette anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of spine were taken at 3 months, 6 months, l year, and 2 years respectively after operation. Rib regeneration classification established by Philips was used to analyze the rib formation. Results All patients were followed up 32 months on average (range, 24-48 months). Cobb angle of major curve and rib hump were significantly improved when compared with preoperative values in 2 groups (P lt; 0.05), and there was no obvious correction loss. At each time point after operation, there was no significant difference in Cobb angle of major curve between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05), but the rib humb of group B was significantly bigger than that of group A (P lt; 0.05). The rib regeneration in group B was better than that in group A, showing significant difference (P lt; 0.05). At 3 months after operation, 80.0% rib regeneration was below grade 4 in group A, and 96.3% rib regeneration reached grade 4 or above in group B. At 2 years after operation, 52.0% and 96.3% rib regeneration reached grade 6 or above in groups A and B, respectively. Conclusion The rib regeneration in patients with AIS after convex short length rib resection is better than that after conventional thoracoplasty.
目的 探讨前路小切口顶椎切除联合后路矫形手术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的可行性及疗效。 方法 2009 年7月－2010年9月，采用前路小切口顶椎切除联合后路矫形手术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸18例。其中男9例，女9例，年龄10～24岁，平均14.5岁。其中15 例特发性脊柱侧凸（Lenke 2型6例，Lenke 3型1例，Lenke 4型8例），2 例脊髓空洞合并脊柱侧凸，1 例Chiari畸形合并脊柱侧凸。术前剃刀背高度（6.8 ± 2.3）cm，主胸弯Cobb角（99.6 ±10.0）°，主胸弯顶椎偏距（7.3 ± 1.3）cm。 结果 前路手术切口10～13 cm，平均（11.4 ± 1.0）cm；前路手术时间170～300 min，平均（215.3 ± 36.8）min；失血量300～1 300 mL，平均（662.5 ± 274.8） mL。所有患者随访25～39个月，平均30.7个月。末次随访时，剃刀背高度（1.0 ± 0.6）cm，矫正率86.7%；主胸弯Cobb角（31.4 ± 11.4）°，矫正率68.7%；主胸弯顶椎偏距（2.2 ± 0.9） cm，矫正率69.6%。上胸弯、胸腰弯/腰弯的Cobb 角及顶椎偏距亦明显矫正，冠状面及矢状面平衡与术前相比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。未发生神经系统并发症，1例患者在前路手术后入ICU行呼吸支持治疗12 h，1例患者出现椎弓根螺钉穿透椎弓根上壁，2例患者出现钛网位置不佳，随访未见钛网位置改变。 结论 采用前路小切口顶椎切除联合后路矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸安全可行，矫形效果满意。
Objective Polylactic acid (PLA) patch has proper steric configuration, sufficient mechanic strength, and flexibil ity, to investigate the blocking effect on the intra-discal inflammation after annulus puncture sticked by medical glue so as to seal the pinhole left after annulus puncture. Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits (weighing 2.0-2.5 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5): groups A, B, C, and D. In group A, the rabbits underwent exposure of intervertebral disc and transverse process at L2-7 as a control; in group B, the rabbits received annulus puncture at L2-7 with an 18-gauge needle; and in groups C and D, the pinholes were sealed respectively with a PLA patch sticked with medical gel and medical gel alone after annulus puncture at L2-7. General condition of rabbits was observed after operation. The intervertebral disc tissue was harvested 1 week after operation. The tissue structure was observed by HE and Masson staining. And the expressions of inflammatory factors l ike interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) were detected with immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Results All the animals survived till the end of the experiment. In group A at 1 week, the nucleus pulposus tissue had normal structure. In group B at 1 week, leak of nucleus pulposus from the pinhole and sl ight adhesion to the adjacent tissue could be seen, and the nucleus pulposus tissue had significant degenerative change by histological observation. In groups C and D, clots of coagulated medical gel and extensive adhesion to the adjacent tissue could be seen; histological observation suggested that the nucleus pulposus tissue of group C had similar histology manifestation to that of group A; while group D had similar histology manifestation to group B with obviously-decreased cells and disorder of matrix. ELISA test showed remarkably elevated expression level of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOs in groups B and D when compared with groups A and C, showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05), and similar expression level were observed in groups A and C, groups B and D (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The PLA patch sticked with medical gel is effective in blocking the intra-discal inflammation 1 week after annulus puncture.