ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between 731 kinds of immune cells and positive-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER+), negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER–), negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2–) breast cancer. MethodsGenome-wide association data for immune cells and breast cancer were used, and using inverse variance weighting as the primary analytical method, and Cochran’s Q test, Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression, and leave-one-out were used to verify the reliability of the resulting data. ResultsFor HER+ breast cancer, CD3 on CD39+CD4+T cell [IVW: OR=0.940, 95%CI (0.913, 0.968), P<0.01], ratio of CD4–CD8–T cell [IVW: OR=0.906, 95%CI (0.857, 0.958), P<0.01], and CD3 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cell [IVW: OR=0.948, 95%CI (0.918, 0.979), P=0.01] were protective factors. For HER– breast cancer, no immune cell phenotype was found to be correlated with it. For HER2– breast cancer, CD3 on CD39+CD4+ T cell [IVW: OR=0.951, 95%CI (0.930, 0.973), P<0.01], CD3 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cell [IVW: OR=0.949, 95% CI (0.925, 0.974), P<0.01] were protective factors. ConclusionThere is a causal association between certain immune cell phenotypes and breast cancer, which may be a predictive marker for early diagnosis of breast cancer and development of new immunotherapies.
Objective To explore the relationship between preoperative coronary angiography and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery. MethodsThe clinical data of patients who underwent coronary angiography within 30 days before cardiac surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between the interval from preoperative coronary angiography to cardiac surgery and postoperative AKI. ResultsFinally 1 112 patients were collected, including 700 males and 412 females, with a median age of 61 (55, 66) years. The incidence of postoperative AKI was 40.8% (454/1 112), of which grade 2-3 AKI accounted for 11.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=1.049, 95%CI 1.022-1.077, P<0.001), body mass index (OR=1.065, 95%CI 1.010-1.123, P=0.020) and time interval between preoperative coronary angiography and cardiac surgery within 24 hours (OR=1.625, 95%CI 1.116-2.364, P=0.011) were independent predictors of postoperative AKI. Patients who underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours before surgery had a 10.6% higher incidence of postoperative AKI compared to those who underwent angiography ≥24 hours before surgery (P=0.004). Patients who underwent valve surgery with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had a higher risk of AKI than those who only underwent CABG. The in-hospital stay of patients who developed AKI was 2 days longer than those without AKI. However, undergoing coronary angiography within 24 hours before cardiac surgery did not prolong the length of ICU stay or hospital stay, nor did it increase the risk of death or renal failure after the operation. Conclusion Undergoing coronary angiography within 24 hours before cardiac surgery increases the risk of postoperative AKI.