Objective To evaluate the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after single-level Bryan cervical artificial disc replacement, and to identify the relationship between HO and the effectiveness. Methods The cl inical data of 48 patients undergoing single-level Bryan cervical artificial disc replacement between October 2005 and October 2007 were reviewedretrospectively. There were 27 males and 21 females with an average age of 40.5 years (range, 33-51 years), including 8 cases of cervical myelopathy, 27 cases of nerve root cervical spondylosis, and 13 cases of mixed cervical spondylosis with an average disease duration of 10.3 months (range, 2-14 months). The involved segments included C3, 4 in 3 cases, C4, 5 in 6 cases, C5, 6 in 30 cases, and C6, 7 in 9 cases. The outcomes were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, the neck disabil ity index (NDI), and cervical range of motion (ROM). According to patients with or without HO, 48 patients were divided into 2 groups (HO group and no HO group). VAS score, NDI, and cervical ROM were compared between 2 groups at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after operation. Results No severe complication occurred during and after operation in all patients. Forty-eight patients were followed up 48-72 months (mean, 56.6 months). VAS score and NDI were significantly improved when compared with preoperative values at all time points (P lt; 0.05); except at 3 days after operation, no significant difference was found in cervical ROM at the other time points when compared with preoperation (P gt; 0.05). Thirteen patients (27.08%) had HO at 4 years after operation, including 8 cases of grade 1, 3 cases of grade 2, and 2 cases of grade 3. There was no significant difference in VAS score, NDI, and cervical ROM between 2 groups at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of HO after single-level Bryan cervical artificial disc replacement is relatively high. However, HO has no effect on the cervical ROM and the effectiveness.
Objective To explore the characteristics of parenting styles of female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), to and provide a reference for the clinical treatment of eating disorders. Methods Patients with AN and BN between November 2019 and May 2020 in the Centre for Mental Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were retrospectively included. Female teachers and students from Sichuan University were used as normal controls. The general conditions of the subjects in the three groups were collected, and the parenting styles and behaviors of the subjects in the three groups were evaluated using Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (Parenting Style Evaluation Scale). Results Finally, 30 subjects were included in the AN group, 44 subjects were included in the BN group, and 33 subjects were included in the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in the course of disease between the AN group and the BN group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in age, place of residence, education level, parental divorce, parental education level and parental occupation among the three groups (P>0.05). The body mass index of the AN group was lower than that of the BN group and the healthy control group (P<0.05). The parenting style evaluation scale scores showed that in terms of father scores, there was no significant difference in the excessive interference dimension scores among the three groups (P>0.05). The score of preference dimension in AN group (14.60±4.45 vs. 10.18±5.98 vs. 10.36±5.90) was higher than that in BN group and healthy control group, the score of emotional warmth and understanding dimension in BN group (50.55±11.81 vs. 55.33±9.12 vs. 57.03±6.13) was lower than that in the AN group and the healthy control group, and the scores of rejection and denial dimension (7.91±3.65 vs. 10.10±3.85 vs. 10.16±3.83) and overprotection dimension (11.76±2.82 vs. 14.10±3.16 vs. 13.25±2.97) in healthy control group were lower than those of AN group and BN group (P<0.05). In terms of mother scores, the scores of preference dimension (14.40±4.64 vs. 10.59±5.92 vs. 10.94±5.34) in AN group was higher than that in the BN group and the healthy control group, and the scores of emotional warmth and understanding dimension (58.06±7.05 vs. 51.40±11.79 vs. 52.91±11.57) in healthy control group was higher than that in AN group and BN group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with healthy controls, the parenting styles of female patients with eating disorders show more negative emotions such as rejection and denial. The parenting styles of female BN patients show more negative emotions than female AN patients. These all suggest that the parenting style, attitude and behavior may be the influencing factors of female AN and BN.
The overlap of literature in umbrella reviews can affect the reliability and accuracy of research conclusions, leading to results with a higher risk of bias. Therefore, it becomes crucial to assess the degree of overlapping and how to handle it. In order to avoid redundant calculations and reduce the risk of bias, researchers need to quantify the degree of literature overlap and adopt corresponding processing strategies. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the calculation methods of overlapping and different strategies for handling overlapping, aiming to provide a reference and guidance for domestic scholars' understanding and application of this method.