ObjectiveTo explore the influence of propofol as well as sevoflurane on the histamine release induced by mivacurium chloride. MethodsForty patients with American Sociaty of Anesthesiologists stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ scheduled to receive ear-nose-throat surgery between March and October 2012 were recruited and were randomly assigned into two groups:propofol group and sevoflurane group. Patients in the propofol group were induced with targeted intravenous infusion with propofol. Patients in the sevoflurane group was induced with sevoflurane. The blood specimen was prepared before mivacurium chloride (0.16 mg/kg) infusion (T0), 1 minute (T1), 3 minutes (T2), and 5 minutes (T3) after the infusion. Mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at corresponding time points. In addition, we recorded the symptoms of anaphylactic reaction such as skin erythema or bronchospasm. ResultsBoth MBP and HR decreased after anesthesia induction. However, there was no significant difference from that before the induction in both groups, and no difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05). The concentration of histamine in both groups at T1 and T2 was significantly higher than that at T0 (P<0.05). The concentration of histamine in both groups at T4 was significantly higher than that at T0 (P<0.05). The concentration of histamine in the propofol group was higher than that in the sevoflurane group. No skin erythema or bronchospasm was found in any of the two groups. ConclusionMivacurium chloride at a dose of 0.16 mg/kg can be safely used in propofol anesthesia, as well as sevofluane anesthesia, with no clinically significant histamine release or adverse hemodynamic fluctuation.
This paper is aimed to assess the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery. Trials were identified by computer searches of the Pubmed,MEDLINE,Cochrane Library (Issue10,2012),from January 1980 to October 2012. References in identified trials and review articles were checked and experts contacted to identify any additional trials. The homogeneous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed with RevMan 5.1 software. Five trials involving a total of 1,203 patients were identified. The results of meta-analyses showed that restrictive transfusion strategies reduced the risk of receiving a RBC transfusion (MD=-1.46,95% CI -1.18--1.1) and the volume of RBCs transfusion (RR=0.69,95% CI 0.53-0.89). No significant difference was noted between the two strategies in terms of mortality,adverse events and hospital or intensive care length of stay. Based on the results mentioned above, one can draw a conclusion that restrictive transfusion strategies reduced the risk of receiving RBC transfusion and the volume of RBCs transfused. Restrictive transfusion strategies did not appear to impact on the rate of adverse events and hospital or intensive care length of stay, compared to liberal transfusion strategies.
This study was aimed to explore the methodology regarding culture, proliferation and purification of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), and to study their biological characteristics. ADSCs were obtained using type Ⅰ collagenase digestion method. Cell growth was observed, and cell viability were detected under different digestion period by MTT. The ADSCs were then identified and induced. The results showed that adherent cells digested by type Ⅰ collagenase for 60 min had a strong proliferation capability. After the induction of different inducers these adherent cells could differentiate into nerve cells and fat cells. The best digestion period was proved to be of 60 minutes in the experiment. The results indicate that stem cells with multilineage differentiation ability could be separated from adipose tissue, namely ADSCs.
Due to its special sequence structure, spider silk protein has unique physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and excellent biological properties. With the expansion of the application value of spider silk in many fields as a functional material, progress has been made in the studies on the expression of recombinant spider silk proteins through many host systems by gene recombinant techniques. Recombinant spider silk proteins can be processed into high performance fibers, and a wide range of non-fibrous morphologies. Moreover, for their excellent biocompatibility and low immune response they are ideal for biomedical applications. Here we review the process and mechanism of preparation in vitro, chemistry and genetic engineering modification on recombinant spider silk protein.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of microenvironment for the treatment of peripheral nervous injuries. MethodsThe recent literature concerning the treatment mechanism of peripheral nervous injuries was extensively consulted, and the microenvironment response involved in the treatment of peripheral nervous injuries was reviewed. ResultsThe complex microenvironment for treatment of peripheral nervous injuries is dependent on nerve regeneration chamber, the formation of neurotrophic factors, inflammation response, regulation of hormones, signaling pathways, and related enzymes in regulation. In-depth study will help us have a clearer understanding on the distal and proximal neurons axons at the cellular and molecular levels after peripheral nervous injuries. ConclusionIn recent years, the researches of microenvironment for the treatment of peripheral nervous injuries have achieved obvious progress. With the current nanotechnology, materials science, genetic engineering, and stem cell transplantation technology, it will provide new ideas and corresponding basis for clinical treatment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of inserting a left atrial piezometer tube and pulmonary artery flotation catheter (PAFC)via the internal jugular vein (IJV)for postoperative monitoring of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)after open cardiac surgery. MethodsA prospective study was conducted in 100 patients aged over 18 years who underwent open cardiac surgery in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital from 2010 to 2012. There were 43 male and 57 female patients with their age of 46-65 (47±16)years. All the patients were divided into 2 groups, including 50 patients with severe PAH who underwent heart valve replacement (HVR)in group A, and 50 patients with mild to moderate PAH who underwent HVR in group B. All the patients received insertion of ARROW 5 Fr three-cavity catheter by piercing the atrial septum via IJV for continuous monitoring of left atrial pressure (LAP), and insertion of ARROW 8 Fr high-flow sheath for PAFC implantation via IJV in the same side. LAP and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)were continuously monitored after the patients entering the intensive care unit (ICU). The corelation and accuracy of LAP and PAWP were observed in the 2 groups. ResultsAll the patients successfully received continuous LAP and PAWP monitoring without serious catheter-related complications. There was no statistical difference in operation time or extracorporeal circulation time between group A and B (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in postoperative mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPmean), mean LAP (LAPmean), mean PAWP (PAWPmean), and mean difference between PAWP and LAP (PAWP-LAPmean)of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (P < 0.01). PAWP was well correlated with LAP in both groups, and the correlation in group A was significantly milder than that in group B (P < 0.01). ConclusionIt is safe and feasible for LAP and PAFC monitoring via IJV after cardiac surgery. PAWP can not accurately reflect left ventricular preload, and LAP is more accurate to monitor left ventricular preload for patients with severe PAH.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of anatomical landmark method (ALM) versus ultrasound (US)-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization in pediatric patients. MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2016), CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI were searched from inception to October 2016 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of landmark-guided versus ultrasound-guided IJV catheterization in pediatric patients who underwent elective surgery. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 13 RCTs involving 1 026 pediatric patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the overall success rate (RR=1.21, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.34, P=0.000 5) and arterial puncture rate (RR=0.19, 95%CI 0.07 to 0.50, P=0.000 7) of US-guided IJV catheterization were both significantly superior to the ALM group. Whereas there was no significant difference between two groups as for the incidence of hematoma formation (RR=0.35, 95%CI 0.09 to 1.31, P=0.12). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that, for IJV catheterization of pediatric patients, both the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided technique are better than the landmark-guided. Since the quantity and quality of included studies are limited, the conclusion of this study needs more high quality studies to verify.
ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of levosimendan versus dobutamine for the patients with severe valvular disease in perioperative period. Methods A randomized, single-blind, and controlled study was conducted in 59 patients with severe valvular disease in perioperative period. There were 48 males and 11 females at average age of 51±14 years (ranged from 18 to 70 years). The patients received Swan-Ganz catheterization with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)≥15 mm Hg, cardiac index (CI)≤2.5 L/(min·m2), and hemodynamic stability. They were divided into a levosimendan group (n=25) and a dobutamine group (n=34) to receive levosimendan or dobutamine injection intravenously for 24 hours on base of anti-heart failure treatment by random digital table. ResultsIn the levosimendan group, the level of PCWP was lower than the baseline level with a statistical difference(12.51±8.76 mm Hg vs. 20.11±8.04 mm Hg, P < 0.01) after 24 hours' treatment, and the level of CI was higher than the baseline level with a statistical difference (2.58±0.72 L/(min·m2) vs. 2.01±0.54 L/(min·m2), P < 0.05) after 24 hours' treatment. In the levosimendan group, the changes of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary arterial mean pressure (PAMP), sequential vascular response (SVR), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were more obvious compared with those in the dobutamine group with statistical differences (all P < 0.05) after 24 hours' treatment. The offline time and ICU stay in the levosimendan group reduced compared with those of the dobutamine group with statistical differences (47.3±10.4 h vs. 52.5±7.6 h, P < 0.05; 5.3±2.2 d vs. 6.8±3.5 d, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionCompared with dobutamine, levosimendan can improve hemodynamic stability of patients with severe valvular disease in perioperative period with good tolerability and safety.
ObjectiveTo explore the reason of failure in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia, in order to better guide use of NPPV after cardiac surgery. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 64 patients after heart surgery with undergoing NPPV treatment due to hypoxemia in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2013 year.There were 49 males and 15 females at age of 28 to 87 years. There were 17 patients with NPPV failure. The related factors for failure of NPPV were analyzed. ResultsFactors associated with failure of NPPV included smoking history, preoperative pulmonary function abnormalities, blood transfusion amount > 1 000 ml, simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ(SAPS Ⅱ) before NPPV > 35 points, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) < 100 mm Hg before NPPV, PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mm Hg after NPPV treatment for 1 h, mechanical ventilation time > 72 h at the first time, and pneumonia (P < 0.05). The SAPS Ⅱ > 35 points before NPPV and pneumonia were the independent risk factors for NPPV treatment failure for postoperative hypoxemia. ConclusionPostoperative NPPV for heart disease should be according to the cause of low oxygen and severity. For patients with SAPS less than 35 points before NPPV or patients with pneumonia, NPPV should not be used. In the process of NPPV, if clinical effect is not satisfied, it should be converted to invasive ventilation immediately.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression regulation of inflammation cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in rats with sciatic nerve defect following olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation. MethodsThe primary OEC for cell culture and identification was dissociated from the olfactory bulb of the green fluorescent protein-Sprague Dawley (GFP-SD) rat. One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and the right sciatic nerve defect (10 mm in length) model was made, then repaired with poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The mixture of equivalent cultured GFP-OEC and extracellular matrix (ECM) was injected into both ends of PLGA nerve conduit in the experimental group (n=55), and the mixture of DMEM and ECM in the control group (n=45). The general situation of rats was observed after operation. At 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, the inflammatory cytokines were detected by Western blot. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the survival of GFP-OEC was observed in the experimental group. At 9 weeks, HE staining was used to observe the morphology of nerve tissue, and the sensory and motor function and the electrophysiological index were detected. ResultsThe cultured primary cells were GFP-OECs by immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly increased expression level of IL-4 at 2-6 weeks (P < 0.05), significantly decreased expression level of IL-6 and TNF-α at 3 days and 1 week (P < 0.05) and significantly increased expression level of IL-13 at 1 day and 3-6 weeks (P < 0.05) by Western blot detection. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the surviving GFP-OEC of regenerative nerve end was observed in the experimental group under the fluorescence microscope. At 9 weeks, regenerative nerve tissue was loose, and cell morphology was irregular in the experimental group, while the regenerative nerve tissue had vesicular voids and the cell number decreased significantly in the control group. At 9 weeks, the functional recovery of sciatic nerve in the experimental group was better than that of the control group, showing significant difference in the lateral foot retraction time, sciatic nerve function index, muscle action potential latency, and the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (P < 0.05). ConclusionOEC can promote the anti-inflammation cytokines expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, which can improve the local inflammatory microenvironment of sciatic nerve and effectively promote the structure and function recovery of sciatic nerve.