In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on use of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs)for cartilage tissue engineering owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which is mainly induced by growth factors (GFs). In general, GFs for chondrogenic induction come from the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. To date, the most commonly used GFs for chondrogenes is TGF-β1/3. However, the response of hADSCs to GFs may differ significantly from that of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) treatment induced TGF-β receptor-Ⅰ expression of hADSCs. It seems that these two cell populations varied strongly in their potency to undergo chondrogenesis in the same medium conditions. Here, we provide a concise review on various GFs used in chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in vitro.
ObjectiveTo explore the corresponding intervention measures to reduce maternal mortality rate by analyzing the causes and problems of maternal deaths. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze all cases of maternal mortality from January 2005 to June 2013 in West China Second University Hospital. ResultsAmong the 14 cases of maternal deaths, the main diseases of the patients were pregnancy complicated with heart disease, hypertensive disorders, obstetric hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism and ectopic pregnancy. Four cases got prescriptive prenatal care during pregnancy, accounting for 28.6% (4/14), while 10 cases did not, accounting for 71.4% (10/14). Six patients died in prenatal period which accounted for 42.9% (6/14), while 8 died in postnatal period which accounted for 57.1% (6/14) and 5 died within 24 hours which accounted for 62.5% (5/8). Seven underwent cesarean section and 6 fetuses survived. Two went through trial of labor and no fetus survived. There was no ordered postmortem. ConclusionIntensifying education of prenatal care during pregnancy, improving quality of obstetrical service and diathesis of healthcare professionals, strengthening the supervision of high-risk pregnancy and timely choosing the time and manner of delivery are the main measures to decrease the maternal mortality.
ObjectiveTo evaluate tip location of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) by using the carina as evaluation mark, so as to provide clinical references for blinding manipulation of PICC. MethodsA retrospective analysis about the effects of tip location of PICC by using the carina as evaluation mark on inpatients with malignant tumour was conducted in tumour centre of the West China Hospital from March 2013 to April 2014. Chest X radiography was applied to evaluate the tip location of PICC. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 19.0) and the outcomes were presented by frequency and percentage. ResultsA total of 612 cases of blinding manipulation of PICC were evaluated, of which, 502 (82%) were located in the central venous and 110 (18%) were located in the noncentral venous. The numbers of those with the catheter tips located in the non-central venous were 38 in the right atrium, 33 in the internal jugular vein, 24 in the innominate vein, 8 in the axillary vein, and 7 in the subclavian vein, respectively. ConclusionThe effects of blinding manipulation of peripherally-inserted central catheter by using the carina as evaluation mark are relatively good. But it still needs to be improved.
This study aims to explore the clinical value of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for early detection of the pulmonary nodules on digital chest X-ray. A total of 100 cases of digital chest radiographs with pulmonary nodules of 5-20 mm diameter were selected from Pictures Archiving and Communication System (PACS) database in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled into trial group, and other 200 chest radiographs without pulmonary nodules as control group. All cases were confirmed by CT examination. Firstly, these cases were diagnosed by 5 different-seniority doctors without CAD, and after three months, these cases were re-diagnosed by the 5 doctors with CAD. Subsequently, the diagnostic results were analyzed by using SPSS statistical methods. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pulmonary nodules tended to be improved by using the CAD system, especially for specificity, but there was no significant difference before and after using CAD system.
ObjectiveTo study the biomechanical stability of neckwear-knot-loop-ligature fixation for tibial eminence avulsion fractures by comparing with cannulated screw fixation and suture anchor fixation. MethodsTwenty-four fresh porcine knee joints were selected. After the model of tibial eminence avulsion fracture (type Ⅲ) was made, 24 samples were randomly divided into 3 groups: neckwear-knot-loop-ligature group (group A), cannulated screw group (group B), and suture anchor group (group C), 8 samples in each group. The Universal electromagnetic and mechanical testing machines were used for the biomechanical tests. After 200 cyclic tests, pull-out test was done until fixation failure. The maximum failure load, yield load, stiffness, and displacement were measured. ResultsFailure mode: the displacement was beyond limit in 8 samples of group A; screws extraction (5 samples) and bone fragment re-fracture (3 samples) were observed in group B; and suture anchor extraction (4 samples), suture rupture (3 samples), and suture thread cutting (1 sample) were found in group C. Biomechanical test: From groups A to C, the maximum failure load and yield load showed significant decreasing tendency (P<0.05), but the displacements showed significant increasing tendency (P<0.05). The stiffness also gradually decreased, but differences was not significant (P>0.05). ConclusionCompared with cannulated screw and suture anchor, neckwear-knot-loop-ligature fixation for tibial eminence avulsion fracture has good biomechanical performance and the advantages of firm fixation and simple operation.