Abnormal activation of Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence of tumor, and T cell factor 4 (Tcf4) and β-catenin are important signal transmission factors of this pathway. The aim of the present study is to explore the significance and correlation between expression of Tcf4, β-catenin and secreted frizzled related protein 1(SFRP1), suppressor gene of Wnt signaling pathway, in colorectal carcinoma and their correlations to the clinicopathological factors. The expressions of Tcf4, β-catenin and SFRP1 were performed with immunohistochemistry staining in 97 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma and 40 cases of normal colorectal mucosa tissues. The results showed that the abnormal expression rates of Tcf4 and β-catenin in colorectal carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the control groups (P<0.01). The positive rate of SFRP1 was significantly lower than those in the control groups (P<0.01). The abnormal expression rates of Tcf4 and β-catenin were also related to the lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found between the expressions of SFRP1 and Tcf4, β-catenin (P<0.05). Over-expression of Tcf4 and β-catenin was related to poor prognosis (P<0.05). But the survival rates of the group with SFRP1 expressions were higher than those in group without SFRP1 expressions (P<0.05). Cox multifactor regression analysis indicated that Dukes stage, expression of β-catenin and SFRP1 were independent risk factors of colorectal carcinoma (P<0.05). The results suggested that the abnormal expression of Tcf4 and β-catenin in colorectal cancer may be related to the reduced or absent expression of SFRP1. β-catenin accumulation in the nuclei formed complexes with Tcf4 is one of the important molecular switch maintaining colorectal malignant phenotype. The combined detection of these indexes may perform an important role in predicting the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer, and could provide new molecular targets for gene treatment of colorectal cancer.
Quantitatively analyzing hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) histopathology images is an emerging field attracting increasing attentions in recent years. This paper reviews the application of computer-aided image analysis in breast cancer prognosis. The traditional prognosis based on H&E histopathology image for breast cancer is firstly sketched, followed by a detailed description of the workflow of computer-aided prognosis including image acquisition, image preprocessing, regions of interest detection and object segmentation, feature extraction, and computer-aided prognosis. In the end, major technical challenges and future directions in this field are summarized.
ObjectiveTo evaluate tip location of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) by using the carina as evaluation mark, so as to provide clinical references for blinding manipulation of PICC. MethodsA retrospective analysis about the effects of tip location of PICC by using the carina as evaluation mark on inpatients with malignant tumour was conducted in tumour centre of the West China Hospital from March 2013 to April 2014. Chest X radiography was applied to evaluate the tip location of PICC. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 19.0) and the outcomes were presented by frequency and percentage. ResultsA total of 612 cases of blinding manipulation of PICC were evaluated, of which, 502 (82%) were located in the central venous and 110 (18%) were located in the noncentral venous. The numbers of those with the catheter tips located in the non-central venous were 38 in the right atrium, 33 in the internal jugular vein, 24 in the innominate vein, 8 in the axillary vein, and 7 in the subclavian vein, respectively. ConclusionThe effects of blinding manipulation of peripherally-inserted central catheter by using the carina as evaluation mark are relatively good. But it still needs to be improved.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia. MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2015), CBM and CNKI were searched from inception to July 2015, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) about telephone-delivered CBT for insomnia. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.2 software was used to performing meta-analysis. ResultsFive RCTs involving 322 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:Compared with the waiting group, the sleep onset latency was shorter (MD=-30.31, 95% CI -40.41 to -20.22, P<0.00001), the waking after sleep onset was shorter (MD=-15.59, 95% CI -24.09 to -7.09, P=0.0003) and the sleep efficiency was higher (MD=11.02, 95% CI 7.87 to 14.18, P<0.00001) in the telephone-delivered CBT group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in total sleep time (MD=13.45, 95% CI -37.01 to 63.92, P=0.60). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows, telephone-delivered CBT is effective for insomnia. Due to limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion needs to be verified by more large-scale, high quality RCTs.