In order to get the adaptive bandwidth of mean shift to make the tumor segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be more accurate, we in this paper present an advanced mean shift method. Firstly, we made use of the space characteristics of brain image to eliminate the impact on segmentation of skull; and then, based on the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of different tissues of brain (includes tumor), we applied edge points to get the optimal initial mean value and the respectively adaptive bandwidth, in order to improve the accuracy of tumor segmentation. The results of experiment showed that, contrast to the fixed bandwidth mean shift method, the method in this paper could segment the tumor more accurately.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of intravenous calcium infusion for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2015), CNKI, Sinomed and WanFang Data were searched from inception to July 2015 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs about intravenous calcium infusion for OHSS. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of six studies involving 1 061 women were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that intravenous calcium infusion could reduce the incidence of moderate OHSS (RR=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.65, P=0.003), but not the incidence of severe OHSS (RR=0.77, 95% CI 0.23 to 2.63, P=0.68). In addition, intravenous calcium infusion had a tendency to increase the pregnant rate (RR=1.19, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.50, P=0.15). The subgroup analysis showed that, compared with placebo/no treatment, intravenous calcium infusion reduced the incidence of moderate OHSS, but not the incidence of severe OHSS. There were no statistical differences between intravenous calcium infusion and other positive control (cabergoline and hydroxyethyl starch) in the incidence of OHSS and pregnant rate. No side effect was reported in the studies included. ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicates that intravenous calcium infusion can reduce the incidence of OHSS without influence pregnant outcomes. Due to the quantity and quality limitations of included studies, more high quality case-control or cohort studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
The resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has been brought into focus. COX-2 signal pathway was found to be closely related to EGFR signal pathway by recent researches, and there has been a growing interest to focus the researches on whether COX-2 pathway inhibition improves the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in treating advanced NSCLC. In this review, we will illustrate recent advances of combined inhibition of EGFR and COX-2 signal pathways in NSCLC therapy.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuro-developmental disorders occurring in childhood, characterized by symptoms of age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and the prevalence is higher in boys. Although gray matter volume deficits have been frequently reported for ADHD children via structural magnetic resonance imaging, few of them had specifically focused on male patients. The present study aimed to explore the alterations of gray matter volumes in medicated-naive boys with ADHD via a relatively new voxel-based morphometry technique. According to the criteria of DSM-IV-TR, 43 medicated-naive ADHD boys and 44 age-matched healthy boys were recruited. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan was performed via a 3T MRI system with three-dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) sequence. Voxel-based morphometry with diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra in SPM8 was used to preprocess the 3D T1-weighted images. To identify gray matter volume differences between the ADHD and the controls, voxel-based analysis of whole brain gray matter volumes between two groups were done via two sample t-test in SPM8 with age as covariate, threshold at P＜0.001. Finally, compared to the controls, significantly reduced gray matter volumes were identified in the right orbitofrontal cortex (peak coordinates [-2,52,-25], t=4.01), and bilateral hippocampus (Left: peak coordinates [14,0,-18], t=3.61; Right: peak coordinates [-14,15,-28], t=3.64) of ADHD boys. Our results demonstrated obvious reduction of whole brain gray matter volumes in right orbitofrontal cortex and bilateral hippocampus in boys with ADHD. This suggests that the abnormalities of prefrontal-hippocam-pus circuit may be the underlying cause of the cognitive dysfunction and abnormal behavioral inhibition in medicated-naive boys with ADHD.