Fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline estimation is of significance for the computerized analysis of fetal heart rate and the assessment of fetal state. In our work, a fetal heart rate baseline correction algorithm was presented to make the existing baseline more accurate and fit to the tracings. Firstly, the deviation of the existing FHR baseline was found and corrected. And then a new baseline was obtained finally after treatment with some smoothing methods. To assess the performance of FHR baseline correction algorithm, a new FHR baseline estimation algorithm that combined baseline estimation algorithm and the baseline correction algorithm was compared with two existing FHR baseline estimation algorithms. The results showed that the new FHR baseline estimation algorithm did well in both accuracy and efficiency. And the results also proved the effectiveness of the FHR baseline correction algorithm.
ObjectiveTo comparatively analyze the effect of one-stage nonstented tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) on operative pain and compl ication by comparing with urethral catheter and urethral stent drainages. MethodsBetween March 2010 and June 2013, 214 cases of distal and mid-shaft hypospadias underwent TIP, and the cl inical data were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on different urinary drainage techniques: indwell ing urethral catheter was used in 68 cases (group A), indwell ing urethral stent in 70 cases (group B), and nonstented drainage in 76 cases (group C). There was no significant difference in age, hypospadias type, and accompany malformation among 3 groups (P>0.05). At 2 days after operation, Wong-Banker facial scale (WBS) and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) were used for pain and praxiology assessment. The complications after operation also were observed and compared among 3 groups. ResultsAll patients were followed up 6-25 months (median, 11.8 months). At 2 days after operation, the median WBS scores were 4.0 (0-10), 3.5 (0-10), and 3.0 (0-10) in groups A, B, and C, respectively; median CHEOPS pain scores were 6.0 (1-13), 6.0 (1-13), and 4.0 (1-11), respectively. The WBS pain score and CHEOPS pain score in group C were significantly lower than those in groups A and B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P>0.05). The postoperative complication occurred in 27 cases (39.7%) of group A, 29 cases (41.4%) of group B, and 13 cases (17.1%) of group C; two or more than two complications occurred in 14, 15, and 9 cases, respectively. There was significant difference in total incidence of postoperative complication among 3 groups (P<0.05). The incidences of postoperative overactive bladder, bladder spasms, urinary tract infection, and fistula in group C were significantly lower than those in groups A and B (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in incision infection, acute urinary retention, urinary extravasation, meatal stenosis, and urethral stricture among 3 groups (P>0.05). ConclusionOne-stage nonstented TIP is suitable for distal and mid-shaft hypospadias and could reduce postoperative pain and complications compared with the traditional postoperative indwell ing urethral catheter and indwell ing urethral stent.