ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between some clinical laboratory tests, such as levels of fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MethodsA total of 146 male patients were included in this study. All the subjects were from the clinic of West China Hospital and Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to July 2013. Serum FINS, TG, TC and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were tested, respectively. Prostate volume (PV) was measured by ultrasound. ResultsFINS, PAS and annual prostate growth rate increased significantly in the large PV group compared with the small PV group (P<0.01). There was no significant association of PV with body mass index and other laboratory tests like serum TC and TG. PV and annual prostate growth rate increased significantly in the group of high FINS level compared with the group of low FINS level (P<0.01). PV was positively correlated with FINS (r=0.159, P<0.05); and annual prostate growth rate was positively correlated with FINS (r=0.201, P<0.05). ConclusionHyperinsulinism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BPA.