Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a primary, chronic, non-specific, inflammatory disease of the aorta and its larger branches. The pulmonary artery trunk and its branches could be impacted by TA, which could cause stenosis or occlusion of lesion vessels. TA also affects the normal function of the aortic valve and other heart valves, mainly due to valvular insufficiency. Aortic regurgitation caused by TA is mainly treated by surgical operation. In this review, the examination technique, operation timing, operation method and prognosis of aortic valve involved in TA are discussed systematically.
Anxiety is a strong behavioral and psychological reaction with fear components, while depression is a mental disorder dominated by high or low mood, both of which are accompanied by cognitive and behavioral changes, and are common comorbidities in patients with heart disease. Cardiac surgery is one of the important factors which trigger specific emotional and physiological reactions of patients. Persistent or initial depression and anxiety after surgery will not only increase surgical complications, short- or long-term mortality and medical costs, but also seriously affect patients' social function and quality of life. With the transformation of bio-psycho-social medical model, it is necessary to evaluate the perioperative psychological state and biological risk of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This article reviews the characteristics, related mechanisms and therapeutic interventions of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
ObjectiveTo prepare platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ)-targeted near-infrared molecular probe and evaluate its potential in optical molecular imaging of lung cancer.MethodsPDGFRβ-specific affibody Z-tri was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified using affinity chromatography. In vitro cell-binding of Z-tri was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cellular distribution of Z-tri in tumor grafts was determined by protein-tracing. The molecular probe CF750-Z-tri was prepared by conjugating near-infrared fluorescent dye CF750 to Z-tri. The optical images of xenografts of lung cancer were obtained by using CF750-Z-tri combined with optical imaging system.ResultsPDGFRβ-specific affibody Z-tri was highly expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Z-tri could bind PDGFRβ-positive cells but not PDGFRβ-negative cells cultured in vitro. In the tumor xenografts of human lung cancer, intravenously injected Z-tri was predominantly distributed on cells overexpressing PDGFRβ. The near infrared fluorescent dye CF750 was efficiently conjugated to Z-tri. Optical images with high contrast of lung cancer xenografts were produced by using the near-infrared fluorescent probe CF750-Z-tri combined with optical imaging system.ConclusionThe near-infrared fluorescent probe CF750-Z-tri can be used for optical imaging of human lung cancer, which takes great potential in optical imaging-guided surgery of lung cancer.