Objective To define an evidence-based conclusion concerning ultrasound screening for fetal genital system malformations during pregnancy. Methods In order to assess whether or not ultrasound screening for fetal genital system malformations is effective and feasible, we searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2009), MEDLINE (1981 to 2009), ACP Journal Club (1991 to 2008), and BMJ Clinical Evidence (1999 to 2008) for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and controlled clinical trials. Results Five cohort studies and three crosssectional studies were retrieved. The results showed ultrasound screening detected fetal sex determination by the contour of the rump and the angle of the genital tubercle to a horizontal line through the lumbosacral skin surface in the first trimester. Scrotal size and penile length increases with gestational age for male fetuses, and by 32 weeks, bilateral testicular descent was observed in most cases. Ultrasonographic scans, fetal genetic studies, and hormonal assays of amniotic fluid can diagnosis certain diseases, fetal sex differentiation disorders, fetal endocrinal disorders, and chromosome abnormality. Conclusion The findings of this study should reassure physicians and parents alike that ultrasound screening is an reliable option for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal genital system malformations, but more randomized controlled trials are needed to further supply relevant evidence.
目的:探讨新生儿泳疗(以下简称“泳疗”)对新生儿生理指标的影响。方法:选择2007年6至2008年12月在成都市第七人民医院剖腹产分娩足月新生儿120例,按分娩的时间顺序分成泳疗组和对照组各60例。对住院期间相同时间段的新生儿吃奶量、睡眠情况、胎便、体重、选择性新生儿行为神经测评共五项指标进行统计分析。结果:泳疗组新生儿出生7天内吃奶量多、睡眠时间长,睡眠质量好;泳疗组排便次数增加,胎便转黄时间提前;泳疗组体重恢复大于对照组(163±70)g、(97±77)g。结论:新生儿泳疗是一项全新的健康保健运动,具有科学性、新颖性、实用性和可行性,有益于新生儿生长发育。
ObjectiveTo explore the differences in ultrasonographic features of testicular teratoma and yolk sac tumor (YST) in children.MethodsA total of 44 patients were selected, including 30 with testicular teratoma and 14 with YST, whose diagnoses were confirmed by surgery and pathology in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2015 to June 2019. The differences in ultrasonograhic characteristics of the two groups were compared, such as the size, location, internal echo, composition, and blood supply of the tumors.ResultsThe mean value of maximum diameters of testicular teratomas was (24.25±12.13) mm and that of YSTs was (29.71±18.75) mm, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (F=0.531, P=0.383). In terms of the compositions of the tumors, cystic-solid lesions were the most common in testicular teratomas (17/30), followed by solid lesions (8/30) and cystic lesions (5/30); while solid lesions were the most common in YSTs (12/14), followed by cystic-solid lesions, and cystic lesions did not appear. The difference in the compositions of tumors was statistically significant between children’s testicular teratomas and YSTs (P=0.001), especially in the proportion of solid lesions. In terms of Adler grade of blood flow, there were 9 cases of Adler 0, 10 cases of Adler 1, 10 cases of Adler 2, and 1 case of Adler 3 in testicular teratomas, while there were 0 case of Adler 0, 1 case of Adler 1, 4 cases of Adler 2, and 9 cases of Adler 3 in YSTs. The difference in the blood supply was statistically significant between children’s testicular teratomas and YSTs (P<0.001). Testicular teratomas tended less to behave as Adler 3, while Adler 3 was the most common in YSTs. There was no statistically significant difference in other ultrasonic features, like the location, internal echo, or the existence of calcification (P>0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound has a certain meaning for the differential diagnosis of testicular teratoma and YST in children. By comparing the solid component and the blood supply of the tumor, it is helpful for enhancing the diagnostic confidence of sonographer.
【摘要】 目的 探讨超声检查对阴道斜隔综合征的诊断价值，分析超声图像特点，提高诊断率，为临床选用最佳的手术方式提供依据。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2010年6月经手术确诊为阴道斜隔综合征的15例患者的临床资料及超声检查结果，总结阴道斜隔综合征的声像图特点。 结果 15例经临床确诊为阴道斜隔综合征的患者，超声诊断14例，均表现为双子宫、双宫颈、阴道或宫颈积液/血，9例左肾缺如，5例右肾缺如。误诊1例，为单子宫伴一侧附件巨大囊肿。 结论 超声具有诊断准确、简便、无创、重复性好、价格实惠等优点，对于临床诊断生殖系统畸形具有十分重要的意义，应列为首选检查方式。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in examining oblique vaginal septum syndrome, analyze the characteristics of ultrasound image to improve the ultrasound diagnosis rate, in order to provide guidance for clinical surgeries. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and ultrasound examination results of 15 patients diagnosed to have oblique vaginal septum syndrome in our hospital, and summarized their ultrasonographic characteristics. Results Among the 15 patients, 14 were diagnosed to have the disease by ultrasound examination. The ultrasound image showed a double uterus, double cervix, and vaginal or cervical fluid or blood for all the patients among whom 9 had absent left kidney, and 5 had absent right kidney. One patient was misdiagnosed to have single uterus with giant cysts on one side. Conclusions Ultrasound diagnosis is simple, noninvasive, reproducible, affordable and accurate in diagnosing. It is very useful in clinical diagnosis of reproductive system abnormalities and should be listed as the preferred way of examinations.
The electroencephalographic characteristics of mental fatigue, which was induced by long-term working memory task of 2-back, were studied by event-related potential (ERP) technology in order to obtain objective evaluation indicators for mental fatigue. Thirty-two healthy male subjects, 22–28 years old, were divided into two groups evenly, one is un-fatigue group and the other is fatigue group. The fatigue group performed a 2-back task for 100 min continuously, while the un-fatigue group just performed a 2-back task at the first and last 10 min respectively, and rested during the middle 80 min. The subjective levels of fatigue, task performance and electroencephalogram were recorded. The impaired thought and attention states, enhanced sleepy and fatigue feeling were found in the fatigue group, meanwhile their reaction time to 2-back task extended, and the accuracy decreased significantly. These results verified the validity of mental fatigue model induced by 2-back task, and then the ERP characteristic parameters were compared and analyzed between fatigue group and un-fatigue group. The results showed that the fatigue group’s amplitudes of P300 (F = 2.539, P < 0.05) and error-related negativity (ERN) ( F = 10.040, P < 0.05) decreased significantly along with the increase of fatigue comparing with the un-fatigue group, however, there were no significant change in other parameters (all P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that P300 and ERN can be considered as potential evaluation indictors for mental fatigue induced by long-term working memory task, which will provide basis for the future exploring of countermeasure for mental fatigue.
【摘要】 目的 探讨婴幼儿常见泌尿系统先天发育异常的超声特征。 方法 回顾性分析2008年9月17日-2010年6月1日体检的婴幼儿中所发现的各种泌尿系统先天性发育异常的超声表现。 结果 发现泌尿系统先天性发育异常88例，其中肾缺如50例，多房性肾囊性变10例，多囊肾2例，肾旋转不良1例，重复肾10例，输尿管囊肿6例，异位肾7例，融合肾2例。 结论 婴幼儿常见的泌尿系统先天性发育异常有较特异的超声表现，超声检查是筛查婴幼儿泌尿系统先天性发育异常的首选影像学检查方法。【Abstract】 Objective To study the ultrasonic characteristics of congenital malformation of infantile urinary system. Methods We analyzed various ultrasonic appearances of congenital malformation of infantile urinary system in our hospital in the recent two years retrospectively. Result We found 88 cases of congenital urinary system malformation in all infants, including 50 cases of renal agenesis, 10 cases of multi-cystic kidney, 2 cases of policystic kidney, 1 case of malrotation of kidney, 10 cases of duplex kidney, 6 cases of ureter cyst, 7 cases of ectopic kidney, and 2 cases of fused kidney. Conclusion Special ultrasonic appearances can be detected for congenital malformation of infantile urinary system, so ultrasound can be regarded as the first-line iconographical examination for the disease.
【摘要】 目的 探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的价值，进一步提高子宫内膜息肉的诊断准确率。 方法 2009年1月-2010年12月，对48例子宫内膜息肉患者，经阴道彩色多普勒超声发现病灶后观察其位置、大小、内部回声及病灶内部和周边的彩色血流情况，并与手术病理结果对照。 结果 经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的准确率为87.5%， 2例误诊为子宫黏膜下肌瘤，3例误诊为子宫内膜增厚，1例漏诊。 结论 经阴道彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜息肉有较高的临床诊断价值。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the value of transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps and to further improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods From January 2009 to December 2010, fourty-eight patients with endometrial polyps participated in this study. Transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography was used to observe the location, size, and internal echo of the lesions, and the color flow within and around the lesions. Then, we compared all the ultrasonic features with pathological findings. Results The diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps was 87.5%. Two cases were misdiagnosed as submucosal uterine fibroids, 3 as endometrial thickening, and 1 missed. Conclusion Transvaginal color doppler ultrasonography has a high clinical value in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps.
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of surgical biliary bypass on the elderly patients with unresectable pancreatic head cancer. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases with unresectable pancreatic head cancer treated with palliation methods from July 2002 to June 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to different age and therapeutic program: Nineteen patients, 65 years of age or older, were managed with surgical biliary bypass (group A), 19 patients under 65 years of age were treated by surgical biliary bypass (group B) and 17 patients with the age of 65 years or older received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (group C). Then the therapeutic results were compared.Results With respect to the postoperative level of serum bilirubin, the incidence of early complications, postoperative hospitalization and mean survival time, no statistically significant difference was found between group A and B (Pgt;0.05). There was one case of recurrent jaundice and one case of gastric output obstruction in group B, while no one suffered postoperative complication in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (Plt;0.01). Compared with group A, the postoperative level of serum bilirubin, the number of patient readmitted, the rate of recurrent jaundice and gastric output obstruction were higher in group C (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01). The mean postoperative hospitalization and overall survival time were significantly shorter in group C than group A (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01, respectively). Conclusion Surgical palliation does not increase the morbidity rate, but it does improve the quality of life in elderly patients with unresectable pancreatic head cancer.
Objective To explore the clinical effect of ventricular septal defect repair and lung allograft (simply as "heart repair and lung transplant") in the treatment of ventricular septal defect complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension. Methods A 21-year-old female patient with ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension was treated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under general anesthesia, and then right lung transplantation was performed, and then left lung transplantation was performed after changing body position. Results The operation was conducted successively. The intraoperative CPB support time was 90 minutes, and the blood loss was 2000 mL. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was removed on the second day after operation, the ventilator was evacuated on the third day, and the patient recovered and discharged on the 38th day. Postoperative echocardiography showed significant improvement in pulmonary artery pressure. Conclusion For patients with simple congenital heart disease complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension, "heart repair and lung transplant" can improve their quality of life.