Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a severe infectious disease induced by human immuno deficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. In general, laboratory testing includes detection of virus antibodies and antigens, virus RNA, immune cells (CD4+, CD8+) and anti-HIV drug resistance. During the past twenty years, great progress has been made in laboratory testing. As research on HIV/AIDS has advanced and biotechnology has developed rapidly, different methods of testing have been discovered. In recent years, the application of molecular biotechnology and immunology has led to important advances for epidemiological surveys, clinical diagnosis and treatment of HIV. The existence of a testing method with high sensitivity and specificity is not only helpful for early diagnosis and prediction, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, but can also reduce the risk of false-negative results. HIV laboratory testing is now developing towards a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and automatic way of diagnosing this condition.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of 357 cases of first-diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and provide a reference for SLE diagnosis. MethodsA total of 357 SLE patients on their first diagnosis were collected from 2008 to 2012 in our hospital, and the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of these patients were recorded and analyzed. ResultsAll the patients had different clinical manifestations and serious multi-system damages. In these patients, there were 59.1% (211 cases) involved with arthritis, followed by rash and kidney damage. The complement declined in 75.9% of the patients according to the results of immunological tests. In the ENA spectrum inspection, anti-SSA antibody had the highest positive rate (51.3%), followed by anti-u1RNP antibody (44.0%), anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-nucleosome antibody. The first onset of most clinical manifestations was rash (43.4%), followed by arthritis and lower extremity edema; a few patients had headache or numbness as the first symptom. ConclusionSLE patients have diverse clinical manifestations, serious multi-system damages and outstanding heterogeneity, which is inconsistent with foreign reports.
ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from a SLE family with homogeneity can provide experimental basis for individualized diagnosis and treatment by studying the characteristics of laboratory tests and symptoms. MethodsLaboratory tests were analyzed for three SLE patients in the family, and set up the screen model by three laboratory tests (anitnuclear antibody positive, rheumatoid factor positive and IgE positive, ANA+RF+IgE+). All SLE cases were screened from latest four years as SLE subtype patients (named "similar family SLE patients"), then the family laboratory tests and clinical characteristics were analyzed. ResultsA total of 55 patients (6.27%) were screened as similar family SLE patients from individual SLE patients according to model from 877 cases. The laboratory tests of similar family SLE patients including creatinine, WBC, CRP were significant lower than other SLE patients (P < 0.05), but significant higher for the IgG, positive rate of anti-SSA and anti-SSB (P < 0.05), and the alopecia and skin rashes were more common in similar family SLE patients than other SLE patients. ConclusionsThe ANA+RF+IgE+ SLE patients are of lower inflammatory state and kidney involvement; Clinical symptom is priority to alopecia and skin rashes.