ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of artieral infusion chemotherapy combined with 125I seed implantation in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MethodsBetween February 2012 to June 2014, 34 patients with unresectable NSCLC received 125I seed implantation, in which 16 patients also received artieral infusion chemotherapy. All the patients were followed up and two months after 125I seed implantation the thoracic CT scanning was carried out in all patients. The response to treatment was evaluated in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and the accumulated survival rate was analyzed by means of Kaplan-Meier. ResultsThe operation successful rate was 100% and no severe complications were observed. Two months later the thoracic CT scanning showed that patients who only received 125I seed implantation with a total effective rate of 72.2% and those received artieral infusion chemotherapy combined with 125I seed implantation with an effective rate of 87.5%, with no significant difference between two groups in the effective rate (χ2=1.122, P>0.05). Median survival time of two groups was 361 days and 470 days (χ2=2.985, P < 0.05), respectively. Survival rate of 1 year was 43.5% and 83.5%(χ2=4.101, P < 0.05), respectively. ConclusionArtieral infusion chemotherapy combined with 125I seed implantation is safe, reliable and effective in treatment of unresectable NSCLC, which can prolong the patient's survival time.