Objective To analyze and summarize the research progression of phenotypic markers of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell （HSEC） and its role in the development and progression of the liver diseases. Methods Databases such as PubMed， Wanfang， CNKI， etc were retrieved for the latest articles on research advance in HSEC using “hepatic sinus endothelial cell”， “liver regeneration”， and “liver disease” as key words. All of the publications about studies on relation between HSEC and liver disease were reviewed and summarized. Results HSEC with specific cytoarchitectures and phenotypic markers was initially received “the message of damage” in the process of liver regeneration， hepatic immunological tolerance， hepatic fibrosis， and liver damage. Additionally， HSEC as the first barrier not only enabled liver to be protected but also was regarded as the first alternation of liver damage. Therefore， HSEC played a great important role in the process of the onset and progression of the liver disease. Conclusions The function of HSEC is complex. How do play a role and its the mechanism is unclarified， it is needed to be further studied.
ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality of guidelines on nutrition in liver disease from 2017 to 2019, and to interpret these guidelines so as to provide references for clinical practice.MethodsComputer-assisted literature searches in CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, Medline (Ovid), The Cochrane Library, PubMed and Medlive databases were performed by two reviewers for guidelines on nutrition in liver disease from January 2017 to July 2019. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included guidelines using AGREE II, separately. Meanwhile, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the degree of consistency.ResultsFour guidelines were included with 2 from China and 2 from Europe. Their average standardised scores in the 6 domains of scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity, applicability and independence were 79.17%, 71.53%, 78.13%, 85.42%, 61.98% and 43.75%, respectively. The Chinese and European guidelines had similar recommendations for energy and other nutrients, apart from differences in recommendations for protein intake. The European guidelines considered that restricting protein intake was not beneficial for patients with hepatic encephalopathy, while the Chinese guidelines argued that patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy were required to reduce or limit their protein intake.ConclusionsAll 4 guidelines are of average quality and are required to be strengthened in the ‘independence’ domain. Currently, the only consensus on nutrition therapy for liver disease and guidelines on nutrition in end-stage liver disease are available for references in China, with lower quality scores than that of the European guidelines. Therefore, the evidence-based guidelines on nutrition in liver disease should be developed by Chinese national conditions as soon as possible to provide references for clinicians, nurses and clinical nutritionists, enableing them to implement nutrition screening, evaluation, nutritional therapy and follow-up management for patrents with liver disease.