Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) is one of the most common macular degeneration in highly myopic eyes, which is the main cause of visual impairment. MTM is a slowly progressing disease. Macular retinoschisis (MRS), macular detachment and macular hole are the three main manifestations of MTM. Under the combined action of various traction mechanisms, MTM may manifest as stable anatomical structure, progressing or spontaneous improvement. The possibility of spontaneous improvement of MTM is small and the degree of improvement of BCVA varies, while the risk of deterioration of MTM increases with its development. Attention should be paid to patient follow-up and timely surgical treatment to prevent MTM from further threatening the patients’ vision in clinically.