Objective To explore the feasibility of microscopic spermatic vein ligation for unilateral varicocele under daytime surgical mode. Methods The clinical data of patients with unilateral varicocele who underwent daytime surgical treatment at the General Hospital of Northen Theater Command between January and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The relevant indicators of patients were collected, including age, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospitalization expenses, and postoperative condition. Results A total of 159 patients were included, aged 18-41 years, with an average age of (27.79±4.80) years, an average surgical time of (49.23±5.57) minutes, and an average intraoperative blood loss of (8.94±3.58) mL. One patient had fever, nausea and acid regurgitation on the 2nd day after discharge, and one patient had urinary retention on the day after operation. Five patients had a pain score of ≥3 in the surgical area on the 1st day after surgery. All patients had no postoperative incisions with bleeding or hematoma. Follow up showed that all patients returned to normal life on the 3rd day after surgery and returned to work on the 10th day after surgery. At 3-6 months after surgery, the sperm quality of 94 patients improved. One patient experienced disease recurrence 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Microscopic spermatic vein ligation for unilateral varicocele under daytime surgical mode is safe and feasible, and is worthy of promotion.