Objective To observe the effects of culture medium of amniotic cells on NO and NOS in retinal tissues of rabbits in vitro in order to provide a protective method for antioxidation in retina transplantation. Methods Thirty adult healthy rabbits (30 right eyes) were divided into 3 groups. Group I: fresh retinal tissue; group II: routine culture medium; group III: culture medium of amniotic cells. The retinal tissues in group II and III were cultured in the corresponding culture medium for 1 week. The content of NO and NOS in retinal tissues in the 3 groups were determined. Results Compared with group I, the content of NO and NOS of group II increased obviously (t=3.821, 3.854; P＜0.001). There was no statistical difference of content of NO and NOS between group I and III (t=1.657, 1.745; P＞0.05). Conclusion Culture medium of amniotic cells may remove free radicals and enhance the ability of antioxidation. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：366-368)
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of Schwann cell derived neurotrophic factor (SDNF) on motoneurons of spinal anterior horn from spinal root avulsion induced cell death. METHODS Twenty SD rats were made the animal model of C6.7 spinal root avulsion induced motoneuron degeneration, and SDNF was applied at the lesion site of spinal cord once a week. After three weeks, the C6.7 spinal region was dissected out for motoneuron count, morphological analysis and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme histochemistry. RESULTS 68.6% motoneurons of spinal anterior horn death were occurred after 3 weeks following surgery, the size of survivors was significantly atrophy and NOS positive neurons increased. However, in animals which received SDNF treatment, the death of motoneurons was significantly decreased, the atrophy of surviving motoneurons was prevented, and expression of NOS was inhibited. CONCLUSION SDNF can prevent the death of motoneurons following spinal root avulsion. Nitric oxide may play a role in these injury induced motoneuron death.
To investigate the function of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the skin avulsion model was made in the lower extremity of pig. The methods of measurement of size of the survived flap, weighing, immunocytochemistry and hybridization in situ were employed, so that the survival surface area of flaps, tissue wet/dry weight ratio, NO content in the serum, gene expression of NO and NOS content in the flap tissue were determined, respectively. The results showed that the early gene expression of NOS was increased as well as the NO content and tissue wet/dry weight ratio (P lt; 0.01). After L-NAME was applied introvenously, the NO content and tissue wet/dry weight ratio were decreased (P lt; 0.01), and the survival surface area of flaps was enlarged (P lt; 0.01). It could be concluded that the NO might play a role in the development of the pathological changes as early congestion, edema and secondary necrosis in the avulsed skin flaps. The early application of L-NAME could do some good to the avulsed skin flap and protect it from further necrosis owing to the presence of NO.
Objective To study the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)，endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human gastric cancer and their relationship with tumor angiogenesis and to investigate the interaction of NOS and VEGF in gastric cancer. Methods The expression and distribution of VEGF, iNOS and eNOS in 34 gastric cancer specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted with FⅧRAg immune specific staining. Results The expression rates of iNOS, eNOS and VEGF in 34 gastric cancers were 73.5%, 82.4% and 91.2% respectively. The expression of VEGF had a significant positive relation with iNOS, but not with eNOS. The MVDs of VEGF or iNOS positive gastric cancers were obviously higher than those of VEGF or iNOS negative gastric cancers. There was no significant difference between the MVDs of eNOS positive gastric cancers and eNOS negative ones. Conclusion MVD increases with increase of expression of VEGF and iNOS in gastric cancer. It is indicated that VEGF and iNOS can promote gastric cancer angiogenesis. VEGF and iNOS have a significant positive correlation, which suggests that in human gastric cancer, iNOS plays an important role in the production and action of VEGF.
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Budesonide formoterol inhalant on teenager patients with allergic rhinitis accompanied with asthma. MethodsForty-five teenager patients with allergic rhinitis accompanied with asthma treated between January 2012 and December 2013 were randomly divided into general treatment group, budesonide group and budesonide formoterol group, with 15 patients in each. Another 15 subjects undergoing physical examination were designated as the control group. Besides routine treatment, the budesonide group was also treated with budesonide inhalation at 100-200 μg twice a day, and the budesonide formoterol group was also treated with budesonide formoterol inhalation at 160 μg and 4.5 μg twice a day. The course of treatment lasted for four weeks. The patients were followed up for four weeks after the use of medicine halted. After treatment, exhaled nitric oxide (NO) examination were performed. ResultsThe amount of NO in the exhaled gas in all the three treatment groups were significantly different from the control group (P<0.05), and it was also significantly different between the Budesonide group and the budesonide formoterol group (P<0.05). ConclusionBudesonide formoterol inhalant has a good effect on teenager patients with allergic rhinitis accompanied with asthma in terms of improving exhaled NO.
ObjectiveTo study the effects of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on the pathological changes of liver tissues and ultrastructural changes of liver cells in rodent model of endotoxic shock. MethodsTwentyfour male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group，lipopolysaccharide (LPS) control group and AG treatment group, each group had 8 rats. Rats were challenged by E.coli LPS to set up the model of endotoxic shock, AG group were treated by aminoguanidine. The pathological and ultrastructural changes of liver tissues and plasma NO contents of three groups were observed and compared. ResultsLight microscopy revealed that many tiny abscesses scattered in liver tissue in LPS group, accompanied by necrosis of liver cells and neutrophils infiltration, while liver injuries of AG group were much slighter than that in LPS group. Electron microscopy revealed that there were dissolved plaques in hepatocyte nuclears, swelling of mitochondria, decreasing in number of mitochondrial ridges, while AG play a protective role to nuclears and mitochondria of hepatocytes. The plasma NO levels of LPS control group were higher than that of normal control group, and plasma NO levels decreased significantly after AG treatment, but still higher than that of normal control group. Conclusion Aminoguanidine selectively inhibits iNOS activity and prevents the overproduction of NO induced by iNOS, thus attenuates the damages of liver structure induced by NO. This method has potential value in clinical application, which deserves more deep research.
Objective To explore the effects of exogenous ubiquitin on lung injury and serum nitric oxide ( NO) level of mice in the early stage of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation ( CLP) . Methods Seventy-seven mice were devided randomly into three groups, ie. CLP Group ( n =28) , SHAM Group ( n =28) and UB Group( n = 21) . Six hours after operation, seven mice of both Group CLP and SHAM were sacrificed for lung and blood sampling. Meanwhile all mice of Group UB were injected intravenously with exogenous ubiquitin of 10 mg/kg body weight. Seven mice of each group were sacrificed at seven, eight and nine hours after operation. Lung water content and serum level of nitrate /nitrite ( NO2 /NO3 , the stable end-products of NO) , were determined. Pathological changes of lung were compared among the groups. Results Lung water content of Group UB was lower than that of Group CLP at each observational time point. Futhermore, there was a significant differentce in lung water content between Group UB and CLP at 9 hours. Pathological examination revealed that inflammatory hyperemia and infiltration of pulmonary parenchyma reduced in Group UB, compared with Group CLP. Serum NO levels of Group CLP and UB were similar at each time point. Conclusions In the early stage of murine sepsis induced by CLP, a single introvenous bolus of exogenous ubiquitin significantly decreases lung capillary vascular permeability, and probably makes a temporal reduction of acute lung injury while it has no obvious effects on serumNO level.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of melatonin on renal injury induced by bile duct ligation in rats. MethodsSixtyfour rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=16 rats per group): the control group (CN), sham operative group (SO), bile duct ligation group (BDL) and bile duct ligation melatonin treatment group (BDL+Mel). Obstructive jaundice was induced by common bile duct ligation. Plasma level of nitric oxide (NO), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were measured 4 d and 8 d after operation. NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in renal tissue were detected at the same time point, too. Histopathological changes of kidneys were examined by HE staining. ResultsIn BDL group, the plasma levels of NO, TB, DB, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr were higher than those of SO group (P＜0.01）, and the level of NO and activities of iNOS in renal tissue were significantly increased (P＜0.01）. However, in BDL+Mel group, the plasma levels of NO, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr were lower than those of the BDL group (P＜0.01）, and the level of NO and activities of iNOS in renal tissue were significantly suppressed (P＜0.01）; histopathological changes of kidneys were improved.ConclusionAugmentation of iNOS activities and increasing of NO production in local tissue contributed to renal injury induced by bile duct ligation, and the mode of melatonin’s protective actions, at least in part, relates to interference with no pathways.
Objective To study the effect of various doses of estrogen on tissue injury, blood supply and survival area of skin flap and to investigate its mechanism. Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits aged 3-4 months old and weighing 1.5-2.2 kg (male or female) were used. Random pattern skin flap (12 cm × 3 cm in size) taking the central l ine of the rabbit dorsum as axis and with the pedicle attached at the proximal end was prepared, and the flap pedicle division was performed 7 days after operation. The rabbits were divided randomly into three groups (n=10 rabbits per group). At 2, 4, and 6 days after operation, the proximal edge of flap in group A and B received 100 ?g/kg and 50 ?g/kg subcutaneous injection ofestradiol benzoate, respectively, while group C received no further treatment serving as control group. General condition ofthe rabbits was observed after injection, gross observation was performed 3 and 7 days after injection, survival area of the skin flap was measured 7 days after injection, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were tested 5 days after injection, and the flaps were harvested 4 and 7 days after injection to receive histology and no significant difference was noted between group A and group B (P gt; 0.05). The NEU counts 4 days after injection were (18.20 ±6.24) cells/HP in group A, (21.27 ± 5.34) cells/HP in group B, and (28.78 ± 7.92) cells/HP in group C, and at 7 days after injection, there were (15.16 ± 7.02) cells/HP in group A, (18.12 ± 6.44) cells/HP in group B, and (29.67 ± 9.12) cells/HP in group C. The VEGF score 4 days after injection was (4.02 ± 0.48) points in group A, (4.19 ± 0.66) points in group B and (3.67 ± 0.49) points in group C, and at 7 day after injection, it was (4.96 ± 0.69) points in group A, (5.12 ± 0.77) points in group B, and (3.81 ± 0.54) points in group C. Significant difference was evident between 4 days and 7 days after injection in group A or B in terms of NEU counts and VEGF score (P lt; 0.05), and difference between 4 days and 7 days after injection in group C was not significant (P gt; 0.05), and the differences among 3 groups were significant (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Estrogen injection can increase VEGF expression and NO content of flap, decrease MDA content and NEU infiltration of flat, and improve survival area of flap.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the changes of nerve cells in sphincter of Oddi and acute pancreatitis. MethodsThe rabbit models of acute pancreatitis were prepared by using sodium taurocholate perfusion. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in neurons of the sphincter of Oddi. ResultsIn the control group, (45.83±2.17)% of myenteric neurons were NOS-positive, (52.46±2.47)% of myenteric neurons were VIP positive, and (22.73±1.95)% of myenteric neurons were NOS and VIP double positive. In contrast, (11.26±0.93)% of myenteric neurons were NOS-positive and (28.62±2.83)% of myenteric neurons were VIP positive in SAP group, which were significantly less than those of control group (P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe sphincter of Oddi of normal rabbits is rich in VIP and NOS positive neurons. The significant reduction of NOS-positive and VIP-positive neurons when SAP, which may be the reason of decreased the activities of the sphincter of Oddi.