ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli). MethodsProspective and retrospective investigation methods were combined, to investigate the hospitalized patients diagnosed with community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University during July 2012 to December 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software. The potential risk factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method, then, factors with statistical significance identified by single factor analysis were further analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression. ResultsA total of 106 patients were included and divided into a ESBLs group (68 cases) and a control group (38 cases) according to the drug sensitivity test results. The results of single factor analysis indicated: there were significant differences between the ESBLs group and the control group in the use of antibiotics within three months before admission (χ2=11.292, P=0.001), the use of third generation cephalosporin (χ2=11.033, P=0.001), more than three kinds of diseases that could cause urinary tract obstruction (χ2=16.464, P=0.000), anemia (χ2=5.956, P=0.015), indwelling catheter (χ2=6.695, P=0.010), urinary system operations (χ2=9.730, P=0.002). The results of further non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that more than three kinds of diseases that could cause urinary tract obstruction (OR=14.675, 95%CI 2.699 to 79.796, P=0.002), anemia (OR=7.976, 95%CI 1.785 to 35.632, P=0.007), the use of antibiotics within three months before admission (OR=7.057, 95%CI 1.597 to 31.175, P=0.010), the use of third generation cephalosporin (OR=6.344, 95%CI 1.145 to 35.146, P=0.034) and indwelling catheter (OR=3.844, 95%CI 1.058 to 13.967, P=0.041) were independent risk factors of community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli. ConclusionThe risk factors of community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli include more than three kinds of diseases that could cause urinary tract obstruction, anemia, the use of antibiotics within three months before admission, the use of third generation cephalosporin, and indwelling catheter. The use of antibiotics, especially the third generation cephalosporin, should be strictly controlled, the time of indwelling catheter should be reduced, and the anemia should be corrected, in order to reduce the incidence of community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBLsproducing Escherichia coli.