ObjectiveTo summarize the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and neural regeneration.MethodsThe characteristics and mechanisms of lncRNA were summarized and its regulatory role in PNI and neural regeneration were elaborated by referring to relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years.ResultsNeuropathic pain and denervated muscle atrophy are common complications of PNI, affecting patients’ quality of life. Numerous lncRNAs are upregulated after PNI, which promote the progress of neuropathic pain by regulating nerve excitability and neuroinflammation. Several lncRNAs are found to promote the progress of denervated muscle atrophy. Importantly, peripheral nerve regeneration occurs after PNI. LncRNAs promote peripheral nerve regeneration through promoting neuronal axonal outgrowth and the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells.ConclusionAt present, the research on lncRNA regulating PNI and neural regeneration is still in its infancy. The specific mechanism remains to be further explored. How to achieve clinical translation of experimental results is also a major challenge for future research.
ObjectiveTo investigate the natural outcome of spontaneous closure of iatrogenic atrial septal defect (IASD) in patients with atrial fibrillation after transseptal catheterization and the influencing factors affecting its healing.MethodsA total of 122 patients who underwent percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from September 2014 to February 2018 were selected for observation and follow-up. General information of the patients was collected. Each patient underwent transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography before the surgery or 45 days, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the surgery, observing the atrioventricular size, cardiac function and atrial septal defect size. The natural outcome of IASD and influencing factors and prognosis of IASD were analyzed.ResultsThe healing rate increased gradually with the follow-up time; the median healing time was 180 days [95% confidence interval (169.5, 190.5) days]. The difference in the effect on IASD healing rate between the gender and atrial fibrillation type was not significant (P>0.05); being older than 70 years old was the influence factor for the IASD healing rate (P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in right heart size and systolic and diastolic function between the unhealed group (n=18) and the healed group (n=63) after a 1-year follow-up (P>0.05), but the left ventricular size was bigger in the unhealed group than that in the healed group (P<0.05). The follow-up time points had a significant effect on the size of the left atrium, and the left atrium in the healing group after 1 year follow-up was significantly smaller than before. There was no significant difference among the different follow-up time points and no interaction between grouping and follow-up time (P>0.05). ConclusionsWith the extension of follow-up time, the healing rate increases gradually. Larger left atrium and ventricular size and the age over 70 may be related to the healing of IASD.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has entered a new and critical stage after nearly 20 years of rapid development in China. There are various types of TAVR valves with different advantages. TAVR can be performed through various approaches such as transfemoral artery, transapical, trans-carotid artery, or trans-ascending aorta. The first two are more common. Echocardiography plays an important role in the perioperative period of TAVR. Compared to transfemoral approach, transapical TAVR has different key points in perioperative echocardiography which is lack of unified and accurate standards. This standard is specially formulated to focus on the key points of echocardiography in preoperative screening, intraoperative monitoring and postoperative follow-up in order to promote the safe and effective application of transapical TAVR in the clinic.
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare multisystemic X-linked dominant genetic disorder characterized by specific skin lesions. The disease can be misdiagnosed in infants and may have severe complications affecting the eyes and/or the brain. European Network for Rare Skin Diseases (ERN-Skin) issued multidisciplinary consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and practical management of patients with incontinentia pigmenti in March 2020, which put forward the guidance of the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, etc. for incontinentia pigmenti. This paper interpreted the consensus to provide references for the diagnosis and management of incontinentia pigmenti.
In May 2021, the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) published the latest guideline for the management of individuals with rosacea and put forward recommendations on the etiology, natural history, treatment, prognosis, and follow-up of rosacea. This paper aimed to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea in China by interpreting the main content of the guideline and comparing it with related guidelines domestically and abroad.