ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyze the recent advancements in the field of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes (MSCs-exosomes) in tissue repair. MethodsThe literature about MSCs-exosomes in tissue repair was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsExosomes are biologically active microvesicles released from MSCs which are loaded with functional proteins, RNA, and microRNA. Exosomes can inhibit apoptosis, stimulate proliferation, alter cell phenotype in tissue repair of several diseases through cell-to-cell communication. ConclusionMSCs-exosomes is a novel source for the treatment of tissue repair. Further research of MSCs-exosomes biofunction, paracellular transport, and treatment mechanism will help the transform to clinical application.
Abstract： Stem cell paracrine has been considered as the main mechanism to promote infarcted myocardium regeneration and repair of damaged cardiomyocytes. With further research, secreted frizzled-related protein 2 （Sfrp 2） and stem cell paracrine are closely linked to each other. Sfrp 2 can competitively bind to the specific receptor Fz in Wnt signaling pathway, inhibit Wnt signaling pathway to regulates apoptosis, differentiation, and other life processes of stem cells, and therefore becomes a research hotspot in recent years. This review focuses on the mechanism of Sfrp 2/Wnt signal way in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction.
Objective To review the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in burn wound repair. Methods The recent literature about MSCs involved in burn wound repair and mechanism was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results MSCs have the capacity of self-renew, rapid proliferation, differentiation and paracrine, and promote burn wound repair through differentiating into a series of skin wound cells and regulating wound microenvironment. Conclusion MSCs have great potentials in the burn field. However, the cell survival and outcome are also facing challenges from poor microenvironment of the burn wound.
ObjectiveTo study the potential protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on chondrocytes injured by interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and the resistant capacity of chondrocytes when co-cultured indirectly with BMSCs against IL-1β. MethodsSix Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into experimental group (articular cartilage defects) and control group. The content and gene expression of IL-1β were detected at 6 hours after surgical intervention by quantitative real time RCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA. BMSCs repairing function test: the 18-holes cultured chondrocytes were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6): cells of blank group were not treated;cells of injured group and co-cultured group were intervened by IL-1β, and Transwell chamber was used to establish co-culture system of BMSCs with chondrocyte in co-cultured group. The mRNA relative expressions of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase 3), a disintegrin and metalloprotease with Thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4), and ADAMTS-5 were measured via qRT-PCR in chondrocytes, meanwhile Caspase-3 content was detected via ELISA, and the cell apoptosis rate was detected via flow cytometry. BMSCs protecting function test: the 12-holes cultured chondrocytes were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=6), Transwell chamber was used to establish co-culture system of BMSCs with chondrocyte in co-cultured group before the 2 groups were both intervened by IL-1β, then the same detected indexes were taken as the BMSCs repairing function test. ResultsAnimal in vivo studies showed that relative expression of IL-1β mRNA and IL-1β contents were significantly higher in experimental group than control group (P<0.05). BMSCs repair tests showed that mRNA relative expressions of Caspase-3, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, Caspase-3 content, and cell apoptosis rate were significantly higher in injured group and co-cultured group than blank group, and in injured group than co-cultured group (P<0.05). BMSCs protect tests showed that mRNA relative expressions of Caspase-3, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, Caspase-3 content, and cell apoptosis rate in co-cultured group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). ConclusionBMSCs, as seed cells for tissue engineering, have potential for applications to anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.