Objective To compare the outpatient in gynecology department with health screening women in aspects of general condition, bearing, livelihood, economics and family, and to analyze the factors that relate to premature ovarian failure (POF) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Method To survey 178 outpatients of gynecology department and health screening women visited from January to December of 2007, and to investigate the possible related factors through a questionnaire including the condition of basic information (e.g. age, marital status, occupation and education), menstruation, pregnancy and delivery, contraception, health, livelihood, economics, psychology, society, family and so on. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 45 POF patients, 83 DOR patients and 50 healthy women were included. The results of questionnaire showed that the physiological factor was the main reason for the occurrence of POF and DOR; the menstrual disorders, autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.), malignancy cancer, pelvic surgery, smoking and drug abuse, and lack of sleep were closely related to POF and DOR; the social and psychological factors were other main reasons to cause POF and DOR. Conclusion The onset of both POF and DOR is caused by many factors, such as physical, social and psychological factors. The effective prevention and treatment for these diseases should be conducted positively in accordance with these three aspects.