Objective To explore the effectiveness of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation on the indirect reduction of posterosuperior fracture fragment in the thoraculumbar burst fractures. Methods Patients with thoracolumbar fractures treated in the Fourth People’s Hospital of Zigong from September 2017 to September 2019 were collected retrospectively. All patients were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. The main observation indexes before operation, 3 days after operation and 1 year after operation were compared, including the height ratio of the anterior margin of fractured vertebra, the inversion angle of posterosuperior fracture fragment, the fragment displacement, the occupancy rate of spinal canal, the Cobb angle of kyphosisat, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results A total of 38 patients were included. All patients were followed up for more than 1 year. During the follow-up period, there were no complications such as nerve injury, incision infection, internal fixation loosening or fracture. The operation time was (91.7±10.4) min, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was (94.3±19.5) mL, and the length of surgical incision was (9.3±1.8) cm. The height ratio of the anterior margin of fractured vertebra, the inversion angle of posterosuperior fracture fragment, the fragment displacement, the occupancy rate of spinal canal, the Cobb angle of kyphosisat 3 days after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05); the height ratio of the anterior margin of fractured vertebra, the occupancy rate of spinal canal, and the Cobb angle of kyphosisat 1 year after operation were also significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05); the height ratio of the anterior margin of fractured vertebra and the occupancy rate of spinal canalat 1 year after operation were significantly improved than those 3 days after operation (P<0.05), but the Cobb angle of kyphosis 1 year after operation was significantly lost than that 3 days after operation (P<0.05). The VAS score and ODI index 3 days and 1 year after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05), and the VAS score and ODI index 1 year after operation were improved compared with those 3 days after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation can effectively reduce the retropulsed bone fragment indirectly and restore the Cobb angle of kyphosis of the thoraculumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit, and at the same time reduce the operation time and surgical trauma.