Abstract： Objective To analyze the early outcomes of open heart surgery for congenital heart diseases in sixty low birth weight infants and premature infants. Methods Sixty low birth weight infants （body weight＜2 500 g） and premature infants with congenital heart diseases undergoing surgical repair from May 2003 to October 2011 were studied retrospectively in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute. There were 43 male patients and 17 female patients with their mean gestational age of 33.5±4.1 weeks （ranging from 26 to 42 weeks） and mean age at operation of 24.9±12.5 d（ranging from 4 to 55 d）. Among them there were 47 premature infants with their mean birth weight of 1 729.3±522.5 g（ranging from 640 to 2 500 g）and mean weight at operation of 1 953.2±463.6 g （ranging from 650 to 2 712 g）. All the patients received preoperative treatment in newborn intensive care unit（NICU） and underwent surgical repair under general anesthesia, including 29 patients without cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）and 31 patients with CPB . All surviving patients received postoperative monitoring and treatment in NICU, and their postoperative complications and in-hospital death were reported. Results A total of 13 patients died during hospitalization with a total in-hospital mortality of 21.7%（13/60）, including 4 intra-operative deaths, 6 early deaths （within 72 h postoperatively） and 3 patients giving up postoperative treatment. CPB time was 121.0±74.7 min, aortic clamp time was 74.8±44.7 min, and postoperative mechanicalventilation time was （136.9±138.1）h. Thirteen patients underwent delayed sternal closure. Eight patients underwentreexploation for postoperative bleeding. Ten patients had severe pneumonia, 2 patients had pulmonary hypertensive crisis, and 8 patients had low cardiac output syndrome. All the postoperative complications were resolved or improved after proper treatment. Follow-up was complete in 47 patients from 2 to 12 monthes, and all the patients were alive during follow-up. Conclusion Early surgical repair for low birth weight infants and premature infants with congenital heart diseases is safe and effective.
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of non-nutritional sucking and 10% glucose water plus non-nutritional sucking in relieving the venipuncture pain for premature infants. MethodA total of 167 premature infants between April and December 2014 were selected as our study subjects, and they were randomly divided into three groups:intervention group Ⅰ (n=53), intervention group Ⅱ (n=58), and the control group (without any intervention, n=56). Two minutes before venous indwelling needle puncture, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of the infants were recorded during their quiet state. In the process of venipuncture, the intervention group Ⅰ was given non-nutritional sucking, intervention group Ⅱ was given 10% glucose water plus non-nutritional sucking, and the control group did not accept any intervention. Premature pain rating scale (PIPP) was used to compare the three groups of infants in terms of pain score, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation 1 minute and 5 minutes after intravenous indwelling needle puncture. SPSS 17.0 software was applied for statistical analysis. ResultsOf the 167 premature infants, one-time puncture was successful in 152 infants, with 46 in intervention group Ⅰ, 54 in intervention group Ⅱ, and 52 in control group. One minute after intravenous indwelling needle puncture, PIPP score of intervention group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The PIPP score of intervention group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of intervention group Ⅰ (P<0.05). One minute and 5 minutes after intravenous indwelling needle puncture, heart rate in the intervention groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), blood oxygen saturation in the intervention groups was signficantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and they were significantly lower in intervention group Ⅱ than in intervention group Ⅰ (P<0.05). ConclusionsNon-nutritional sucking is effective in alleviating venipuncture pain for premature infants, especially when it is used together with 10% glucose water. The method is worthy of clinical promotion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen for premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Ovid-EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 11, 2014), CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs about ibuprofen for premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus from inception to December 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 37 RCTs, involving 2 370 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the placebo/blank group, ibuprofen could increase the closure rate of PDA (LBWI:RR=1.93, 95%CI 1.25 to 2.99，P=0.003; VLBW:RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.48, P=0.03; ELBWI:RR=2.86, 95%CI 1.51 to 5.41, P=0.001) and decrease the incidence of sepsis (VLBW:RR=0.21, 95%CI 0.07 to 0.64，P=0.006); Compared with the indometacin groups, ibuprofen could decrease the incidence of the increase of serum creatinine (LBWI:RR=0.11, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.37, P=0.000 2), NEC (LBWI, RR=0.52, 95%CI 0.29 to 0.95, P=0.03) and oliguria (LBWI: RR=0.30, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.56, P=0.000 2; VLBW:RR=1.40, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.92, P=0.03); Compared with the intravenous ibuprofen, Oral ibuprofen could increase the closure rate of PDA (VLBW: RR=1.35, 95%CI 1.12 to 1.62, P=0.002; ELBWI, RR=1.42, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.87, P=0.01). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that there is not indeterminate between ibuprofen and paracetamol groups. Compared with other general drugs, ibuprofen has an advantage over curing PDA and obviously reduces side effects. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo analyze the application and efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as an initial support measure for respiratory diseases in premature infants. MethodsWe retrospectively studied the clinical data of 160 premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January to December 2014. These infants accepted CPAP as the initial respiratory support. ResultsThe average birth weight and the average gestational age of the 160 premature infants were (1 581±440) g and (31.6±1.9) weeks, respectively. The main diagnosis of the primary diseases in these infants included neonatal pneumonia (81.3%), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (57.5%), neonatal apnea (53.8%) and neonatal asphyxia (22.5%). The CPAP success rate in those infants whose birth weight was less than 1 000 g was significantly lower than those whose birth weight was equal or greater than 1 000 g (χ2=4.882, P=0.027). The perinatal period analysis showed that premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine fetal distress and maternal pregnancy complications were factors correlating with the effect of CPAP. CPAP treatment analysis showed that early application of CPAP within 24 hours after birth had a success rate of 82.4% (108/131), and initial inhaled oxygen concentration and oxygen pressure were the primary factors affecting CPAP efficacy. ConclusionApplication of CPAP is effective in respiratory support for premature infants and has a high success rate. Early application can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation and intubation. Regulating appropriate parameters helps raise the efficacy of CPAP therapy. Clinically, the standardized application of CPAP and monitoring the failure of CPAP are important for the improvement of the treatment efficacy.
ObjectivesTo evaluate the predicting value of bedside pulmonary ultrasound in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.MethodsPremature infants with gestational age below 28 weeks or birth weight below 1 500 g admitted to NICU of Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were included. Pulmonary bedside ultrasound monitoring was performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after admission, and the characteristic ultrasound images were recorded and scored. BPD were diagnosed by NICHD standard. The clinical data and pulmonary ultrasound data were compared and analyzed. Then diagnostic value of bedside pulmonary ultrasound in BPD of premature infants were analyzed.ResultsA total of 81 children involving 32 BPD and 49 non-BPD were included. The sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe) and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the "alveolar-interstitial syndrome" within 3 days after birth and the "fragment sign" on 28 days after birth were 81.25%, 51.02%, 0.66 and 31.25%, 97.96%, 0.65, respectively. The lung ultrasound scores in the BPD group on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after birth were 71.99.%, 68.39%, 0.71; 87.50%, 57.14%, 0.72; 78.13%, 73.47%, 0.76 and 56.25 %, 75.51%, 0.66. Sen, Spe and ROC AUC of comprehensive evaluation of lung ultrasound predicted the occurrence of BPD been 81.25%, 63.27%, and 0.85.ConclusionsThe comprehensive evaluation of combination of "alveolar interstitial syndrome" image characteristics within 3 days after birth, "fragment sign" image characteristics after 28 days, and lung ultrasound score at different times after birth can predict the premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Objective To explore the risk factors of premature infants death. Methods The medical records of hospitalized premature infants admitted to West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2015 and December 2022 were collected. Premature infants were divided into the death group and the non-death group (control group) based on discharge diagnosis of death. Parturient and premature infants related information were collected, and the disease classification and diagnosis of premature infants were analyzed. Results A total of 13 739 premature infants were included, with 53 deaths and a mortality rate of 3.85‰ (53/13 739). The ages of death were 1-49 days, and the median age of death was (9.68±9.35) days. According to the matching method, 212 premature infants were ultimately included. Among them, there were 53 premature infants in the death group and 159 premature infants in the control group. Compared with the control group, premature infants in the death group had lower gestational age, birth weight, lower 1-minute Apgar scores, lower 5-minute Apgar scores and shorter hospital stay (P<0.05), and received more delivery interventions (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in other indicators between the two groups of premature infants (P>0.05). A total of 212 parturient were included. Among them, there were 53 parturients in the death group and 159 parturients in the control group. The use rate of prenatal corticosteroids in the control group was higher than that in the death group (55.35% vs. 54.72%). There was no statistically significant difference in other related factors between the two groups of parturient (P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that longer hospital stay [odds ratio (OR)=0.891, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.842, 0.943), P<0.001], prenatal use of corticosteroids [OR=0.255, 95%CI (0.104, 0.628), P=0.003] reduced the risk of premature infant death. However, tracheal intubation [OR=10.738, 95%CI (2.893, 39.833), P<0.001] increased the risk of premature infant death. Conclusions Clinicians should pay attention to prenatal examination of newborns and pay attention to evaluation of newborn status. Obstetricians and neonatologists should make joint plans for women with high risk factors for preterm delivery. During the hospitalization, after the diagnosis is clear, standardized treatment should be carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines for systemic diseases and expert consensus.
ObjectiveTo analyze independent factors for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP) and establish a predictive nomogram model for TR-ROP. MethodA retrospective cohort study. A total of 6 998 preterm infants who were born at Guangdong Women's and Children's Hospital between January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2022 and were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were included in the study. TR-ROP was defined as type 1 ROP and aggressive ROP; 22 independent factors including general information, maternal perinatal conditions, interventions and neonatal diseases related to ROP were collected. The infants were divided at the level at an 8:2 ratio according to clinical experience, with 5 598 in the training cohort and 1 400 in the validation cohort. t test was used for comparison of quantitative data and χ2 test was used for comparison of counting data between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out for the indicators with differences in the univariate analysis. The visualized regression analysis results of R software were used to obtain the histogram. The accuracy of the nomogram was verified by C-index and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). ResultsAmong the 6 998 children tested, 4 069 were males and 2 920 were females. Gestational age was (33.69±3.19) weeks; birth weight was (2 090±660) g. There were 376 cases of TR-ROP (5.4%, 376/6 998). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age [odds ratio (OR) =0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.85, P=0.002], intrauterine distress (OR=0.30, 95%CI 0.10-0.99, P=0.048), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR=0.23, 95%CI 0.09-0.60, P=0.003), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (OR=5.40, 95%CI 1.45-20.10, P=0.012), blood transfusion history (OR=4.05, 95%CI 1.50-10.95, P=0.006) were the independent influencing factors of TR-ROP. Based on this and combined with birth weight, a nomogram prediction model was established. The C-index of the training set and validation set were 0.940 and 0.885, respectively, and the area under ROC curve were 0.945 (95%CI 0.930-0.961) and 0.931 (95%CI 0.876-0.986), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 86.2%, 94.0% and 83.2%, 93.3%, respectively. ConclusionsGestational age, intrauterine distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and blood transfusion history are the independent factors influencing the occurrence of TR-ROP. The TR-ROP nomogram prediction model based on independent influencing factors has high sensitivity and specificity.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are common and important diseases in preterm infants. What these diseases have in common is altered blood vessel formation and pathological changes in the case of incomplete organ development. Multiple factors interact to cause abnormal angiogenesis, which increases the likelihood of a common pathway for both diseases. However, little is known about the specific mechanism of this balance in the occurrence and development of BPD or ROP, and there are still no animal models to explore the pathogenesis of these two diseases simultaneously. At present, there is no effective prevention program, and the treatment options include drug therapy, surgery, etc. In the future, more studies are needed to find common therapeutic targets for factors affecting angiogenesis, so as to provide a better choice for the treatment of BPD and ROP and improve the effectiveness of the treatment effect.