Objective We aimed to describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its epidemiological characteristics, and to analyse the relationship of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MS) among staff at Southeast University. Methods The data from the overall physical examination of 1979 staff were analyzed.Results The crude prevalence of MS were 21.7%,26.4% and 14.2% in the whole population, men and women respectively. The standardized rates were 14.7%,19.0% and 9.4%. The prevalence of MS in men was significantly higher than that in women(Plt;0.05). Both abdominal obesity and visceral obesity were positively correlated with the prevalence of MS(r=0.295, 0.248, P=0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of MS among staff of Southeast University has shown a significant increase in 2006. WHR and BMI are both correlated with the prevalence of MS.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of hospital infection, so as to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection prevention and control. MethodsFrom 2011 to 2013, according to the criteria of diagnosis of nosocomial infections set up by the Ministry of Health, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in patients who were hospitalized on the survey day were investigated by the combination of bedside investigation and medical records checking. ResultsThe incidence rates of nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2013 were 2.99%, 2.31% and 1.95%, respectively, presenting a downward trend. The rate of hospital infection was the highest in comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, and the main infection site was the lower respiratory tract. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing hospital infections, including Klebliella pnermoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. The utilization rates of antibacterial agents in these three years were respectively 39.84%, 34.58% and 34.22%. ConclusionTargeted surveillance and management of key departments and sites should be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and management of antibiotics, raise the submission rate of pathogens, and use antibiotics appropriately.
ObjectiveTo explore the variation tendency of hospital infection and the antibacterial usage between 2011 and 2012,analyze the factors for hospitalization infection,and instruct on taking effective intervention measures,in order to reduce the rate of hospital infection,and thus to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hospital infection. MethodsAll patients hospitalized in our hospital from 00:00 to 24:00 between September 21,2011 and August 16,2012 were investigated.By using the method of combined clinical investigation and case study,we asked the patients to fill the case questionnaires standardly,and analyzed the hospital infection cases on the survey day. ResultsA total of 1165 hospitalized patients were investigated from the year 2011 to 2012,and the actual check rate was 100%.A total of 46 cases of hospital infection occurred in 39 patients.The prevalence rate of hospital infection was 3.88% in 2011 and 2.80% in 2012.High rate hospital infections occurred in the Department of Neurosurgery which was 27.27% and Cardiothoracic surgery which was 16.67% in 2011.In 2012,the departments included ICU which was 28.57% and Internal Cardiovascular Medicine which was 9.09%.The main infection sites were respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract and superficial incisions.The usage rates of antibiotics were 63.07% and 40.56% respectively in the two years.There were significant difference in antibiotic use rate between the two years (P<0.01). ConclusionThe focus of future work is to strengthen the management of respiratory tract,urinary tract and surgical site infections,and to use antimicrobial drugs reasonably,in order to reduce hospital infection effectively.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection in a hospital and to provide a basis for hospital infection control. MethodsUsing bedside investigation and medical records analysis, we surveyed all hospitalized patients from 00:00 to 24:00 on July 19th, 2013. ResultsThe real investigation was carried out on 1815 patients out of all the 1828 patients with a real investigation rate of 99.29%. There were 55 cases of nosocomial infection (55 case-times), and both the nosocomial point infection rate and case-time infection rate were 3.03%. The top three departments with the highest rate were Intensive Care Unit (37.50%), Neurosurgery Department One (13.73%) and Neurosurgery Department Two (12.00%). Most infections occurred on the lower respiratory tract, which accounted for 45.45%. Nosocomial infection pathogenic detection rate was 38.18% (21/55):6 cases of Staphylococcus aureus (28.57%), 5 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.81%), 3 of Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.29%), and 2 cases of Acinetobacter baumanii (9.52%). The rate of antimicrobial drug use was 24.08%, in which drug treatment accounted for 75.29%. Gender, surgery, urinary catheter, vascular catheter, tracheostomy, ventilator application, hemodialysis, and use of antibiotics were all influencial factors for occurrence of nosocomial infection. ConclusionNosocomial infection prevalence survey can help fully understand the status of hospital infection, help to carry out targeted surveillance, and better guidance for hospital to prevent and control nosocomial infection.
ObjectiveTo learn the current situation and feature of nosocomial infection (NI), so as to provide reference for making the prevention measures. MethodsPrevalence rate of nosocomial infection in patients hospitalized on December 18, 2012 was investigated by the combination of bed-side examination and medical record checking. ResultsA total of 1 083 patients were surveyed, and the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 6.00%. Intensive Care Unit had the highest NI prevalence (28.57%), followed by Hematology Department (20.00%) and Neurosurgery Department (20.00%). Lower respiratory tract (38.46%) was the main infection site, followed by superficial surgical incision (13.85%). The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 30.56%, and 40 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Klebsiella pneumonia (15.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%) and Escherichia coli (10.0%) were the main ones. ConclusionTarget monitoring management of key departments and key sites should be strengthened, and the management of antimicrobial agents should be stressed and invasive procedures should be decreased.
ObjectiveTo understand the current status of nosocomial infections in a municipal medical unit, to find problems in daily monitoring, and to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in high-risk groups and procedures. MethodsAccording to the 2013 survey requirements made by the nosocomial infection control center of Chengdu, we made a cross-sectional survey about nosocomial infection among all the inpatients on July 25th, 2013 and statistically analyzed the results. ResultsTotally, 1 301 cases were actually investigated within 1 307 inpatients of the time (the actual investigation rate was 99.54%). The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 3.38% (44 cases). The top five departments of infection rate were Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU), Center of Intensive Care Unit (CICU), Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of General Surgery. The main site of infection was respiratory tract, which took possession of 62.25%. In univariate analyses, age≥60, length of hospital stay >2 weeks, invasive operation, history of diabetes, operation, radiotherapy/chemotherapy, utilization of antibiotics were found to be risk factors for infections. Multivariate analysis showed that length of hospital stay (OR=3.115, P=0.001), invasive operation (OR=14.930, P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.157, P=0.046), radiotherapy/chemotherapy (OR=7.497, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for nosocomial infections. The utilization rate of antibiotics was 45.73%. Among them, there was 85.21% using single antibiotics, and 82.18% of them were used therapeutically. ConclusionUnderstanding the current status of nosocomial infection in municipal hospitals helps us grasp the key and difficulty of infection control, make out prevention-control measures for high-risk groups and high-risk departments, and guide and supervise its implementation in clinical departments, which points out the direction to further reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.
ObjectiveTo explore the current situation of nosocomial infection, sample test and use of antibiotics in the in-patients, so as to provide scientific evidence for control and prevention of nosocomial infection. MethodsBedside investigation and medical records checking were adapted to conduct cross-sectional survey among all the in-patients in 2013 and 2014. ResultsOn July 16 th, 2013 (00:00-24:00) and September 10 th, 2014 (00:00-24:00), a total of 1 400 in-patients were investigated in whom 68 with nosocomial infection were diagnosed, with a prevalence rate of 4.86%. No statistical difference were found between the two year's prevalence rate (χ2=1.341, P=0.264). The prevalence rate of Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery (including Department of Thoracic Surgery) and Department General Surgery ranked the first three places, and the most common infection position was respiratory tract (61.76%). The usage rate of antibiotics was 48.00% in the two years, and no statistical difference was observed in the usage rate between the two years (χ2=1.309, P=0.261). Therapeutic use (67.86%) and onefold use (90.33%) accounted for most of antibiotics use. Test rate of therapeutic antibiotics use was 49.17% and no statistical difference was observed in the test rates between the two years (χ2=2.023, P=0.170). ConcluslonsThe nosocomial infection rate was stably high in the two years. To prevent and control nosocomial infection effectively, medical personnels knowledge and skills on nosocomial infection should be improved, surveillance and guidance towards key departments should be strengthened and clinicians' diagnosis and treatment behaviors should further be regulated.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese population.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect relevant literature of the prevalence rate of gestational diabetes in Chinese population from inception to October 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using R 3.4.1 software.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included involving 183 338 peoples, of whom 23 834 were diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance test (75g). The prevalence rate was 13% (95%CI 10 to 16). The prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in north area was 13% (95%CI 9 to 19), central area was 11% (95%CI 2 to 39), east area was 15% (95%CI 12 to 19), south area was 12% (95%CI 11 to 14), northwest area was 5% (95%CI 3 to 8) and southwest area was 4% (95%CI 3 to 4). The prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus during January 2005 to December 2012 was 11% (95%CI 7 to 16), during December 2012 to June 2016 was 17% (95%CI 14 to 20). The prevalence of specialist hospitals was 9% (95%CI 6 to 14), and which of comprehensive hospital was 14% (95%CI 11 to 18). The prevalence of gestational diabetes screening at 24 to 28 weeks gestation remained at 13% (95%CI 10 to 17).ConclusionThe prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus is high in China. The prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in north China, central China and east China is significantly higher than that in southern China, northwest China and southwest China. The prevalence rate during 2012-2016 is significantly higher than that in 2005 to 2012. Improvement of lifestyle and living standard should be considered be closely related with that. The prevalence of comprehensive hospitals is higher than specialist hospitals. It is related to the China’s economic conditions, medical care situations and the medical habits of patients.
ObjectiveTo explore the continuous changing trend of healthcare-associated infection prevalence rate in a children’s hospital.MethodsFrom July 2012 to November 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in hospitalized children for seven consecutive years by combining case-checking and bedside survey.ResultsA total of 10 310 hospitalized children were investigated in the past seven years. The incidence of healthcare-associated infections from 2012 to 2018 was 2.08%, 4.84%, 1.59%, 3.76%, 1.63%, 1.74%, and 2.08%, respectively, showing a statistically significant downward trend (LLA=7.631, P=0.006). The departments with higher proportion of healthcare-associated infections were pediatric surgery (50.0%), pediatric medicine (44.8%), neonatal medicine (2.8%), and intensive care units (2.4%) . Viruses (38.8%) were the most common pathogens of healthcare-associated infections, followed by Gram-negative bacteria (34.3%) .ConclusionsThe prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in the children’s hospital showed a downward trend year by year. Pediatric surgery is the most common occurrence department, and viruses are the most common pathogens. It can provide evidence for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection in children’s hospitals.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in West China Hospital of Sichuan University and to analyze the implementation effect of nosocomial infection control measures, so as to provide reference for infection control.MethodsAn investigation of the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was performed on patients who were admitted in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 0:00-24:00 on a day of every late June from 2012 to 2018 by using bedside investigation in combination with inpatient medical record query, and the data was verified, summarized, and statistically analyzed by the professionals of Nosocomial Infection Management Department.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2018, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were 5.19%, 4.20%, 3.94%, 4.26%, 4.29%, 4.25%, and 2.97% in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, which tended to decline (χ2=32.826, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in annual total infection rate in the Department of Internal Medicine, however, the infection rate in the Department of Hematology tended to decline (χ2=6.127, P<0.05); in the Department of Surgical Medicine, the total infection rate tended to decline(χ2=18.721, P<0.001); in particular, the infection rate in the Department of Thoracic Surgery tended to decline(χ2=3.906, P<0.05); the annual difference in infection rate in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was not statistically significant. The key site of nosocomial infection was dominated by the lower respiratory tract, and the annual difference was not statistically significant. In particular, postoperative pneumonia has increased since 2014 (χ2=9.56, P=0.002). The nosocomial pathogens which had the highest constituent ratio over the years were Acinetobacter baumannii (in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018), Klebsiella pneumonia (in 2015), and Escherichia coli (in 2016). The annual difference in rate of antimicrobial use was not statistically significant(χ2=3.75, P=0.053), while the rate of antimicrobial use in the ICU tended to decline (χ2=30.42, P=0.000).ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in West China Hospital of Sichuan University tends to decline. However, sufficient attention still requires to be paid to lower respiratory tract infection, particularly for patients with postoperative pneumonia.