Objective To report the screening, prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis for Lushan earthquake victims in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Methods Among the Lushan earthquake victims screened by vascular color Doppler, those with detected venous thrombosis were treated reasonably, and those without detected venous thrombosis were prevented early. Results There were total 235 Lushan earthquake victims in the hospital as of the 11th day after earthquake, and they were screened by vascular color Doppler. Among 26 cases with detected venous thrombosis, 25 were lower limb venous thrombosis, and the other one was upper limb venous thrombosis. Three cases were treated by rehabilitation intervention alone, three cases were treated by drug intervention alone, and the other 20 cases were treated by both rehabilitation and drug intervention. As of 30 days after the earthquake, the reexamination results of 26 victims with venous thrombosis showed that: 11 cases improved, including 5 completely recanalization and 6 incompletely recanalization. Among the three cases with drug intervention alone, one got completely recanalization, accounted for 33.33%. Among the three cases with rehabilitation intervention alone, one got incompletely recanalization, accounted for 33.33%. Among the 20 cases with both rehabilitation and drug intervention, four got completely recanalization, accounted for 20.0%, and five got incompletely recanalization, accounted for 25.0%. Conclusion Most Lushan earthquake victims with venous thrombosis are the elderly and women, stay in the ICU, and suffer from fractures in different degrees. The timely prevention and treatment can relieve local pain, promote early entry in the rehabilitation treatment, and prevent pulmonary embolism and other risks. The rehabilitation intervention and/or drug intervention should be adopted to the victims with detected venous thrombosis as well as the victims without detected venous thrombosis but have high risk factors, for it can effectively prevent and treat the further thrombosis and other bad consequences of the detachment of thrombus.
H7N9, a novel avian influenza A virus that causes human infections emerged in February, 2013 in Anhui and Shanghai, China. The epidemic quickly spread to Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other neighbor provinces. As of May 30th, 2013, WHO had reported 132 cases, 37 (28%) of which died. Aiming at such serious outbreak of epidemic, we retrospectively analyzed its etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, prevention and control based on data and evidence. Experience and evidence of the risk surveillance and management of such a novel anthropozoonosis lacks in China, or even lacks around the world. Quick and accurate identification of the rules and of the variation and transmission of avian influenza virus becomes a key to prevention, control and treatment. According to current best available evidence around the world, Chinese medicine and biomedicine should be put in to parallel use. Only realizing evidence-based decision making can we effectively prevent and control the epidemic, treat patients, and reduce the loss.
目的 探讨胰性脑病的可能的发病机制、发病情况及防治措施.方法 计算机检索中文科技期刊全文数据库(1989～2004),收集有关胰性脑病的临床研究,并进行统计分析.结果 共纳入43篇文献,435例患者.胰性脑病在重症急性胰腺炎中的发病率远高于轻症急性胰腺炎;发病年龄趋向中、老年;病死率为43.67%;病因仍以胆系疾病为主;伴发低氧的几率不高于未并发胰性脑病患者.结论 胰性脑病的发生可能是多因素共同作用的结果,仍需进一步探讨其发病机制.血清髓鞘碱性蛋白有望成为有价值的诊断指标.防治以治疗原发病急性胰腺炎为主,重在预防.胰酶抑制剂和早期营养支持有一定预防作用.
Acute renal failure(ARF) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery. It is an important influential factor of increasing mortality, extending mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit time, resulting in cognition functional impairment and respiratory function failure et al, and increasing cost of hospitalization. Extracorporeal circulation, intra-aortic balloon pump, renal inadequacy before surgery, diabetes and peripheral vascular disease are all risk factors of ARF after operation. These factors can lead to ARF by constriction of capacitance vessel, filling defect of renal and ischemia-reperfusion injury et al. Appropriate drug treatment, haemodialysis and hemofiltration could protect renal function and improve prognosis of ARF.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the prevention and treatment of leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty(THA). Methods There were 87 patients who were treated by THA from January 2004 to December 2006, including 36males and 51 females, with the average age of 60.2 years (ranging from 35 years to 78 years). Among these cases, there were 35 of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, 38 of subcapital femoral neck fracture, 4 of femoral neck tumor, 6 of rheumatoid arthritis and 4 of acetabular dysplasia. In 70 cases, the patients had leg length discrepancy, and the legs shortened from 1 cm to 6 cm. Based on the cl inical measurement and radiographic examination, the surgical protocols were designed, the type of the hip prosthesis was chosen, and the neck length of the femoral prosthesis and the position of osteotomy were estimated. By the proper wearing of the acetabula, the best rotation point was found out. The cut plane of the femoral neck was adjusted according to the results of the radiographic and other examinations. The neck length was readjusted after the insertion of the prosthesis so as to achieve intended leg-length equal ization. The discrepancy of the leg length was measured and evaluated after operation. Results Superficial infestation happened in 2 cases 5 days after the operation and was cured by mero-drainage. Luxation happened in 4 cases 4 weeks after the operation, in which 2 cases were cured by operation while the other 2 were cured by manual reduction. All the patients were followed up for 6 months to 36 months, with the average time of 18.3 months. The Harris scores were 34.81 ± 1.36 preoperatively and 91.50 ± 1.87 postoperatively (P lt; 0.05). In the 17 patients with equal legs before the operation, 1 was lengthened 1.5 cm in the leg, while in the 70 patients with shortened legs before the operation, 66 returned to the same length in their legs, and 4 were lengthened or shortened from 1.6 cm to 2.1 cm. The total rate of equal leg length was 94.25%. Conclusion The preoperative measurement, radiographic templating and intraoperative correction, together with postoperative orthopraxy, are effective in prevention and treatment of leg length discrepancy after THA.
In order to verify the effectiveness of neural stump buried into the muscle in the prevention and treatment of neuroma, 17 cases were reported, in which 8 cases having 19 painful neuromas and 9 cases having 13 amputated meural stumps, buried into muscle. They wese followed up for 6 months to 40 months, It was shown that good and excellent results were obtained and no evidence of neuroma was observed in all cases except in one which had painful neuroma occurred from the failure of embedment of the neural stump into the muscle. The conclusion was that the neural stump buried into muscle was an effective method for the prevention and treatment of neuroma.
Xenotansplantation has become a global focus because it may solve the formidable problems in allotransplantation, that is, the donor source. Hitherto clinical xenotransplantion has been in the stage of research with limited cases and unsatisfactory results. The difficulties which hinder the progress of xenotransplantation include: the ideal animal donor has not been found, it is rather difficult to control the rejections (hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, perhaps acute cellular rejection and chronic rejection) after xenotransplantation compared with those after allotransplantation, some animal diseases might be transmitted to and do harm to human recipients, even the community. It is still unknown whether the functions of animal organs can substitute those of human organs permanently. Transgenic pigs on research and various measurements to suppress humoral and cellular immunity may be helpful in overcoming the problems of xenogeneic rejections. Animal diseases should be prevented, screened and treated, and animal models should be established to study the possibility of satisfactory working of animal organs in human body before clinical xenotransplantation is widely practised.
ObjectiveTo study the prevention and treatment of restenosis after the stent placement in the latest progress. MethodsThere were four methods including drug-eluting stents, intracavitary illuminate, drug therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells, which prevented or treatment restenosis after stent placement. ResultsAll the four methods could reduce the postoperative restenosis rate after interventional treatment. Many experimental study of prevention and treatment of restenosis had obvious effect, but clinical curative effect was not very satisfactory, because of a series of problems such as safety, animal models, experiment method, and so on. ConclusionThe multiple factors and links caused restenosis should be considered fully, and interrupting the links or factors as far as possible could control the occurrence or development effectively.
Objective To review various kinds of therapeutic methods for restenosis after reconstructive vascular operation. Methods The literatures about prevention and treatment for restenosis after reconstructive vascular operation were reviewed. Results Therapeutic methods for vascular restenosis include gene therapy, drug treatment, placing external stent around the vein graft and physical therapy. The methods of gene therapy include transferring genes that inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and inactivating genes that promote the proliferation of VSMC through technology of antisensenucleic acids or RNA interference. Conclusion Current treatment for restenosis after reconstructive varscular operation have both advantages and disadvantages, some of which are still being disputed. With the development of the technology of molecular biology, gene therapy would be the most effective therapy method for vascular restenosis.
ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the ophthalmic resource distribution and service ability of Leshan City, and provide scientific basis for development of ophthalmology and prevention of blindness. MethodsWe statistically analyzed all departments of ophthalmology in 17 general hospitals of Leshan, including numbers of beds, numbers of health technicians, professional title structure, ophthalmic instruments, levels of operation and service ability in 2012. ResultsThere were 186 ophthalmic beds, 84 ophthalmologists, 6 technicians, 64 nurses, 16 professors, 28 doctors with medium-level title, and 40 residents in the 17 general hospitals of Leshan. There were 184 300 out-patients and 9 920 in-patients with 12 320 operations including 6 211 cataract operations in the year of 2012. ConclusionThe ophthalmic resources and service ability are not equally distributed in Leshan. Most resources are distributed in big hospitals of the urban district. Meanwhile, hospitals in remote areas do not have ophthalmologists or ophthalmologic instruments. We should develop our service ability and work efficiency by continuous learning in order to improve the three-level primary blindness prevention system.