Objective To study the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. 3′MeDAB was administrated into rats to establish the experimental model of hepatocarcinoma. The expressions of PCNA of different phases were detected by immunohistochemistry and the liver pathologic changes were observed by optical microscope. Results The process of canceration was divided into three stages: inflammation, proliferative fibrosis and hepatic carcinoma. The expression of PCNA firstly presented in the oval cells that located in the portal area at the stage of inflammation, and a part of PCNA were hyperexpressed in the portal area. The expression rate of PCNA in the middle phase of inflammatory stage was higher than that of any other phases but declined later. Yet, when it came to the stage of hepatic carcinoma, the rate increased again. Conclusion Under the experimental circumstance when liver cancer is caused by the carcinogenic agent, PCNA may be firstly expressed in the oval cells, and the dynamic expression of PCNA may be an indicator for the early diagnosis of hepatocarcinogenesis.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of PCNA in gastric cancer and its relationship with telomerase activity of peritoneal washings and peritoneal dissemination, and to compare the efficacy of telomerase activity and cytology of peritoneal washings for prediction of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. MethodsTelomeric repeated amplification protocol (TRAP)enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the telomerase activity of peritoneal washings collected from 60 patients with gastric cancer. Exfoliate cytologic analysis of the corresponding samples was used for comparison.Expression of PCNA was measured with immunohistochemical staining.Their relationship with clinicopathologic features were evaluated. ResultsThe positive rate of telomerase activity in peritoneal washing collected from patients with gastric cancer was 41.7%,which well related to serosal invasion, histology types, depth of infiltration and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. The positive rate of telomerase activity increased with the increased depth of infiltration and serosal involvement areas (P＜0.05).The positive rate of exfoliative cytology was 25.0%, which was obviously high in the group with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis (the group of P1-3). The positive rate of exfoliative cytology also increased with the increased depth of infiltration and serosal involvement areas (P＜0.05). Although the positive rate of telomerase activity in peritoneal washing collected from patients with gastric cancer was not significantly higher than that of exfoliative cytology in general, it was significantly higher than that of exfoliative cytology in the group of pT4, P1-3 and undifferentiated type.The PCNA proliferation index (PI) of positive telomerase activity group was significantly higher than that of negative. The PCNA PI was significantly higher in the group of P1-3 and serosal invasion thanthat of P0 and without serosal invasion. ConclusionTo detect telomerase activity in peritoneal washings and to detect tumor cells by cytologic method are useful to predict subclinical metastasis to the peritoneum in patients with gastric cancer,but telomerase activity is more sensitive than the other one.Telomerase activity is well related to proliferating activity of gastric cancer,which was the very important reason of peritoneal metastasis and serosal invasion.
ObjectiveTo study the expression and significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilia nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and carcinoma adjacent mucosa (CAM).MethodsThe expression of PCNA in 48 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissue, CAM and 10 cases of normal mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry techniques. AgNORs was determined with argyrophilia stain. ResultsThe PCNAlabeling index (PCNALI) and AgNORs count in CRC were higher than that in CAM and normal mucosa(P＜0.01).The PCNALI in Dukes C and D stage was higher than that in Dukes A(P＜0.05). The AgNORs count in 3 cmCAM was higher than 6 cmCAM (P＜0.01) and normal mucosa(P＜0.05). ConclusionSome cells proliferative activity were abnormal in CAM. It indicates that CAM is in an unstable premalignant state, which might have some correlation with the relapse of colorectal carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo study the expression of survivin protein in primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) and its relationship to the proliferation of the tumor cells and prognosis of PHC. MethodsThe expression of survivin protein and the proliferation of tumor cells marked by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 48 cases of PHC were determined by immunohistochemical method. ResultsThe survivin protein was expressed in 31 of 48 cases of PHC (64.6%). The expression of PCNA was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with positive survivin expression than in HCC with negative survivin expression. The patients with positive survivin expression had the worse prognosis than those with negative survivin expression. ConclusionThe expression of survivin may play an important role in the proliferation of PHC cells and closely associate with the prognosis of PHC, and probably become the prognostic factor and an important target of therapy.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in colorectal cancer and its relationship with metastasis and recurrence. MethodsParaffinembedded specimens from 59 patients with colorectal cancer, 16 patients with adenomas and 12 normal colonic tissues were examined and compared by SP immunohistochemical method. ResultsThe positive rate of VEGF in colorectal cancer were significantly higher than that in adenomas (P＜0.05). The positive rate of VEGF in Dukes A and B stage of colorectal cancer were significantly higher than those in Dukes C and D (P＜0.05). Expression of VEGF in postoperative recurrence group was markedly higher than that in the group with no recurrence (P＜0.05). Proliferative activity expression suggested that the poorer the differentiation, the more PCNA increased in case of lymphnode or hepatic metastasis. The PCNA showed marked difference between postoperative and nonpostoperative recurrences (P＜0.05). Conclusion The expression of VEGF and PCNA is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of tumor during the operation. The increased VEGF and high PCNA implies that there may be some potential metastasis present.
Objective To explore the value of expression of carcinomaassociated antigens in early diagnosis and predicting prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma. MethodsThe expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA50), Ecadherin (ECD) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 10 cases of cholecystitis, 10 cases of gallbladder adenomas and 50 cases of gallbladder carcinomas were detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rate of CEA, CA50 and PCNA labeling index (LI) in gallbladder carcinomas were significantly higher than that of gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01). The positive rate of ECD in gallbladder carcinomas, especially with metastasis, was significantly lower than that of gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05). The 3year survival rate was significantly lower in gallbladder carcinomas with CEA and PCNA overexpression (P＜0.05), the 3year survival rate in patients with ECD positive tumors was higher than that of those with negative tumors (P＜0.05). Conclusion The detection of CEA, CA50 and PCNA is useful for early diagnosis of malignant change in gallbladder adenomas and gallbladder carcinomas. Therefore, the CEA, PCNA and ECD might be useful for predicting prognosis of gallbladder carcinomas.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of flavonoids quercetin on the occurrence and proliferation of experimental mammary carcinoma. Methods DMBA induced mammary carcinoma was produced in rats. Seventy-nine female Sprague-Dawly rats were divided randomly into four groups: DMBA, DMBA with TAM, DMBA with quercetin and control. Chemicals had been administered to group A, group B, group C and group D respectively for 28 weeks. Samples of breasts were collected for light microscope observation and electromicroscope observation. Their expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the protein product of H-ras were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results ①Mammary carcinoma incidence of group A(76.2%) was significantly higher than that of group B(40.9%), group C(45.5%) and group D(0%),P＜0.05, and there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P＞0.05), which indicated that quercetin could inhibit the occurrence of mammary carcinoma. ②Mean mammary tumor diameter of group A (2.37cm) was significantly larger than that of group B(1.82cm) and group C(1.71cm), P＜0.05, and there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P＞0.05), which indicated that quercetin could inhibit the growth of experimental mammary carcinoma. ③Immunohistochemical staining of PCNA showed significant difference between group A and group B, group A and group C (P＜0.05), with no significant difference between group B and group C (P＞0.05), which indicated that quercetin could inhibit the proliferation rate of tumor cells. ④Significant difference between group A and group B, group A and group C (P＜0.05), and no significant difference between group B and group C (P＞0.05), were noticed with immunohistochemical staining of H-ras protein product, which indicated that quercetin could inhibit the activity of Hras protein. Conclusion Quercetin could reduce the mammary carcinoma incidence and its degree of growth, and it may be related with its inhibitory effect on the activity of Hras and the proliferation of tumor cell.
Objective To examine the relationship between ratio of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/apoptosis and biology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Thirty five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were studied with TUNEL and immunohistochemistry. Results Positive rate of apoptosis in grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲand Ⅳ was 1.37%,0.70%, 0.67% and 0.25% respectively. Positive rate of PCNA in grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 17%, 19%, 75% and 80%. Ratio of PCNA/apoptosis in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 19.04, 75.51, 138.01 and 345.52. Conclusion Ratio of PCNA/apoptosis is correlated with histological classification.
Objective To investigate the effect of alltrans retinoic acid (atRA) on proliferative artery disease after heart transplantation. Methods Heterotopic heart transplantation model was established by Ono model with 16 inbred healthy male Wistar rats as donors and 16 SD rats as recipients. The rats were divided into chronic rejection group and atRAtreated group by complete random design, and there were 8 rats in each group. Rats in chronic rejection group were given Cyclosporine A 10 mg/(kg·d) by subcutaneous injection after operation, and those in atRAtreated group were given Cyclosporine A 10 mg/(kg·d) in the same way and atRA 10mg/(kg·d) by gavage. The transplanted hearts of rats were taken out 60 days after the transplantation. HE stain, masson stain and Van Gieson were done to analyze the rejection of transplanted hearts, the degree of vascular stenosis and myocardial fibrosis respectively.Immunohistochemistry was used to test proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results The area of myocardial fibrosis in chronic rejection group was obviously larger than that in atRAtreated group（63.99%±11.91% vs.34.68%±6.34%）, and there was significant difference between two groups（t=8.377，P=0.000）. The index of vascular stenosis in chronic rejection group was higher than that in atRAtreated group（62.86±17.18 vs. 40.10±8.20）. Vascular stenosis in atRAtreated group alleviated significantly, and there was significant difference between two groups（t=3.913, P=0.006）. The PCNA positive cells in chronic rejection group were obviously more than that in atRAtreated group（60.17±17.74 vs. 33.96±8.65）, and there was significant difference between two groups（t=5.387, P≤0.001）. There was a positive correlation between the PCNA positive cell ratio and the index of vascular stenosis（r=0.854, P=0.007）. Conclusion Alltrans retinoic acid can inhibit vascular disease after heart transplantation by cell proliferative pathway.
Objective To investigate the effect on expression of c-myc and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） of vein grafts transferred by c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides（ODN） of soluble stent. Methods A rabbit model of common carotid arteries grafted by external jugular veins was constructed in 50 New Zealand rabbits and were randomly divided into five groups, 10 rabbits each group. Control group： no stents ; group 1： soluble stent ; group 2： soluble stent with sense-ODN; group 3： soluble stent with antisense-ODN; group 4.. soluble stent with mismatch-ODN. At 7 d, 28 d and 90 d after surgery, vein grafts were harvested. The expression of c-myc and PCNA were identified by immunochemistry methods. Results At 7d, 28d, 90d after surgery, the expression of c-myc and PCNA of the intima and media of vein grafts in control group, group 1, group 2, group 4 were higher significantly than that in group 3 （P〈0. 01）. At 28d, 90d after surgery, the expression of c-myc in five groups were higher than that in the same group at 7d after surgery （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Soluble stent can transfer ODN effectively. C- myc antisense-ODN transferred by soluble stent can inhibit significantly the expression of c-myc and PCNA in the intima and media of vein grafts.