ObjectiveTo explore the value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) for preoperative diagnosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) microadenomas.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical date of patients with ACTH microadenomas, who were experienced BIPSS preoperatively from October 2013 to May 2017. The qualitative and localized diagnostic significance of BIPSS was evaluated based on the criteria of the plasma ACTH concentration ratio of inferior petrosal sinus to ulnar vein (≥2), and the ratio of left to right inferior petrosal sinuses (≥1.4).ResultsFive patients (1 male and 4 females) were involved in the study. The mean age was (49.6±9.2) years, and the mean disease course was (17.2±7.5) months. The plasma ACTH concentration of all the cases ran up to the criterition of the ratio of inferior petrosal sinus to ulnar vein (≥2). Three cases were found that the actual locations of the microadenomas were inconsistent with the indications from the results of BIPSS. After the BIPSS procedure, there was no intracranial infection or death case, except that one patient suffered from ecchymoma and another one suffered from transient nausea.ConclusionBIPSS is valuable for qualitative diagnosis, but not effective for localization diagnosis of the ACTH microadenomas preoperatively.
Objective To explore the effect of systematic respiratory training on lung function in patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Methods A total of 60 patients with craniocerebral injury who received conservative treatment from January 2015 to June 2017 were selected. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: breathing training group for systematic breathing training and conventional treatment group for conventional rehabilitation training. Pulmonary infection, length of hospital stay, lung function determination, vital capacity, percentage of maximal ventilation, patient’s oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, peak airway pressure, airway resistance, and respiratory mechanics were observed. Results The pulmonary infection rate and the length of hospital stay in the respiratory training group were 10.0% and (8.17±0.99) days, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group [33.3% and (12.67±0.99) days, respectively]; the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). At the same time, pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen tension, and respiratory mechanics were all better in the breathing training group than those in the conventional treatment group, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Breathing training can significantly improve the recovery of lung function in patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, reduce the incidence of complications and effectively improve the prognosis.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term effects of fenestration on patients at different risk levels, who performed external conduit total cavo-pulmonary connection operation.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis which enrolled 383 patients undergoing external conduit total cavo-pulmonary connection in Fuwai Hospital from 2008 to 2015. Based on the preoperative data and whether fenestration in the operation, the whole cohorts were divided into four subgroups: a high risk group with fenestration(mean age: 10.53±7.06 years, 55 males), a high risk group with non-fenestration(mean age: 9.30±7.83 years, 43 males), a low risk group with fenestration(mean age: 8.91±7.13 years, 65 males) and a low risk group with non-fenestration(mean age: 8.23±5.34 years, 67 males). Then we collected and analyzed the perioperative data and long-term prognosis of this cohorts in different risk levels.ResultIn the high-risk group, the duration of chest drainage in fenestration group was significantly shorter than that of the non-fenestration group (12.39±12.03 d vs. 23.30±15.36 d, P=0.001). The incidence of delayed chest drainage in the fenestration group was lower than that in the non-fenestration group (25.0% vs. 47.1%, P=0.002). In addition, the length of hospital stay was shorter than that of the non-fenestration group (18.91±12.79 d vs. 29.68±37.77 d, P=0.004), with significant statistical difference. In the low risk group, there were 3 (2.7%) and 2 (1.6%) deaths at the follow-up in the non-fenestration and fenestration groups respectively (P=0.761). And 1 patient (1.3%), 1 patient (1.4%) died in the fenestration and non-fenestration group (P=0.593) in high risk group. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the fenestration and non-fenestration groups in terms of long-term intestinal protein loss syndrome and arrhythmia in different risk level groups.ConclusionFenestration can reduce the incidence of early complications and hospital stay, effectively, especially for the high-risk patient. Fenestration is recommended for high-risk patients with external conduit total cavo-pulmonary connection operation.
ObjectiveTo analyze the mid-long-term outcomes of surgical balloon valvuloplasty (SBV) for right ventricular decompression in the treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS).MethodsClinical data of consecutive 91 patients who were diagnosed with PA/IVS and underwent SBV in our institution from January 2005 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including 52 (57.1%) males and 39 (42.9%) females. The median age was 3 months (1 d, 24 months) and the median weight was 4.1 (2.5, 12.0) kg.ResultsThe SBV was performed in all patients, and 62 of whom received other simultaneous surgeries, including ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, 33 patients), ligation of PDA with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (23 patients), ligation of PDA with bidirectional Glenn shunt (6 patients). There was no early postoperative death. The median follow-up time was 8.8 (2.5, 13.4) years, 4 patients were lost. There were 7 (8.0%) deaths and 1 (1.1%) patient with a re-SBV for pulmonary stenosis. The one and a half ventricular repair was performed in 5 (5.7%) patients and Fontan procedure in 2 (2.3%) patients. In addition, the mean Z-value of tricuspid valve annulus was −1.7±1.5, which was significant bigger than that before the operation (t=5.587, P<0.001).ConclusionSBV via right ventricular outflow tract for right ventricular decompression in the treatment of PA/IVS is safe and reliable. The majority of patients can receive biventricular repair instead of single ventricular palliation by SBV with individually customized shunt.
ObjectiveTo report the short-term outcomes of a standardized, simplified and reproducible strategy of mitral valvuloplasty (MVP), which was focused on leaflet foldoplasty and anatomic anomalies of congenital mitral regurgitation (MR).MethodsConsecutive 74 patients who underwent MVP by our standardized strategy in our institution from 2016 to 2018 were included retrospectively. There were 30 males and 44 females with a median age of 18.5 (6-146) months and weight of 15.4 (7-51) kg.ResultsAnatomic anomalies of MR included: (1) subvalvular apparatus: 72 (97.3%) patients with mal-connected chordae tendineae, 31 (41.9%) with absent chordae tendineae and 14 (18.9%) with fused or dysplastic papillary muscle; (2) leaflet: 10 (13.5%) patients with cleft of anterior leaflet, 61 (82.4%) with leaflet prolapse including 56 (91.8%) with anterior leaflet prolapse; (3) annulus: 71 (95.9%) patients with annular dilatation. Leaflet foldoplasty was performed in 61 (82.4%) patients with leaflet prolapse. All patients were successfully discharged and 4 (5.4%) patients were with moderate MR. The follow-up time was 22.0 (9.1-41.8) months. During the follow-up period, 3 patients had moderate MR and 1 patient had reoperation for severe MR. All patients were in normal cardiac function with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 66.0%±6.1%. In addition, the mean left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was 31.8±6.0 mm, which was significant smaller than that before the operation (t=6.090, P<0.000 1).ConclusionThe standardized leaflet foldoplasty with resection of mal-connected chordae tendineae and posterior annuloplasty technique is safe and feasible with favorable short-term outcomes in MR patients.
ObjectiveTo summarize the reoperation experience for complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) with severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (LAVVR) by standardized mitral repair-oriented strategy.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2019, 11 CAVSD patients underwent reoperation for severe LAVVR by standardized mitral repair-oriented strategy at Fuwai Hospital, including 5 males and 6 females with a median age of 56 (22-152) months. The pathological characteristics of severe LAVVR, key points of repair technique and mid-term follow-up results were analyzed.ResultsThe interval time between the initial surgery and this surgery was 48 (8-149) months. The aortic cross-clamp time was 54.6±21.5 min and the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 107.4±38.1 min, ventilator assistance time was 16.4±16.3 h. All patients recovered smoothly with no early or late death. The patients were followed up for 29.0±12.8 months, and the echocardiograph showed trivial to little mitral regurgitation in 5 patients, little regurgitation in 5 patients and moderate regurgitation in 1 patient. The classification (NYHA) of cardiac function was class Ⅰ in all patients.ConclusionStandardized mitral repair-oriented strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of severe LAVVR after CAVSD surgery, and the mid-term results are satisfied.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical outcomes and experience of surgical treatment for patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) above the optimal age for surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 163 simple type CAVSD patients less than 7 years who underwent operations in Fuwai Hospital from 2002 to 2013. The patients were divided into a normal group (n=84, including 37 males and 16 females with an average age of 7.6±2.7 months) and an over-age group (n=79, including 30 males and 49 females with an average age of 34.6±19.6 months) according to whether the age was more than 1 year.ResultsThe average aortic cross clamp time (88.3±24.4 min vs. 106.1±35.4 min, P<0.001) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (123.6±31.1 min vs. 142.6±47.1 min, P=0.003) were statistically different between the two groups. During the follow-up period (the normal group 53.3±43.9 months, the over-age group 57.2±48.2 months), there was no statistical difference in all-cause mortality (10.7% vs. 8.9%, P=0.691), the incidence of moderate or severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (16.7% vs. 21.5%, P=0.430) and reintervention rate (3.6% vs. 0.0%, P=0.266) between the two groups. No left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and complete atrioventricular block occurred in both groups.ConclusionFor CAVSD children above the optimal age, rational surgical treatments can also achieve satisfying results.