ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of Hippo signaling pathway in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). MethodLiteratures about studies the role of Hippo signaling pathway in cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, tumorigenesis and development, distant metastasis, treatment resistance, and treatment strategies were retrieved. ResultsIn TNBC, overexpression of Yes-associated protein and PDZ-binding motif could promote the development of tumor stem cells, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of TNBC cells, and promote tumor development, distant metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. ConclusionHippo/Yes-associated protein axis plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of TNBC, and targeting Hippo signaling pathway might be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy, sampling satisfaction, and safety of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) for thyroid nodules.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, and CBM were searched to collect the relevant studies on the diagnostic performance, sampling satisfaction, and safety of ultrasound-guided CNB and FNA for thyroid nodules. Revman 5.3 and Stata 15 software were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 24 studies involving 25 388 patients were included. Meta analysis showed that: compared with CNB, FNA had poor diagnostic accuracy ［OR=0.26, 95%CI (0.15, 0.46), P<0.000 01］, poor sampling satisfaction ［OR=0.20, 95%CI (0.12, 0.33), P<0.000 01］, lower incidence of total complications ［OR=0.28, 95%CI (0.16, 0.50), P<0.000 1］, and lower incidence of bleeding after biopsy ［OR=0.62, 95%CI (0.48, 0.81), P=0.000 3］. However, there was no significant difference in the pain score ［WMD=–0.21, 95%CI (–0.57, 0.15), P=0.26］ between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the accuracy of biopsy diagnosis of thyroid nodules with diameter less than 10 mm between the two groups ［OR=0.52, 95%CI (0.15, 1.81), P=0.30］, however, the accuracy of CNB in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules with diameter ≥ 10 mm was still better than FNA ［OR=0.26, 95%CI (0.12, 0.56), P=0.000 5］.ConclusionsCompared with FNA, ultrasound-guided CNB has a certain advantages in sampling satisfaction and the diagnosis accuracy of thyroid nodules with diameter ≥ 10 mm. CNB is better than FNA, but will bring higher risk of complication.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the expression of IL-8 protein in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and clinicopathological features and survival prognosis.MethodsThe expression of IL-8 protein in 80 cases of TNBC was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between the expression of IL-8 protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis of TNBC patients was analyzed by χ2 test, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsIn 80 TNBC patients, the high expression of IL-8 protein accounted for 22.5% (18/80). The expression level of IL-8 protein in TNBC tumor tissue was correlated with T stage, clinical stage, Ki-67 expression, WHO grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). However, it was not related to age, menopausal status, pathological type of tumor and whether they had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P>0.05). The results of log-rank analysis showed that the disease-free survival rate (DFS) of high expression group of IL-8 protein was poor than that of low expression group of IL-8 protein (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the expression of IL-8 protein was an independent factor affecting the survival and prognosis of TNBC patients [HR=1.180, 95%CI (1.001, 1.391), P=0.049]. The prognosis of TNBC patients with high expression of IL-8 protein was poor.ConclusionThe expression level of IL-8 protein is an independent risk factor affecting the survival and prognosis of patients with TNBC.
ObjectiveTo understand the current progress of surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemical drug therapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC), so as to provide reference for the clinical therapy selection of MBC. MethodThe literature relevant to MBC therapy research in recent years was comprehensively reviewed. ResultsAt present, the pathogenesis of MBC was not clear. The histopathology of MBC was more complex and the prognosis was poor. Compared with the invasive ductal carcinoma, the MBC patients had older age of onset, larger tumor diameter, faster growth and stronger invasiveness. The simple mastectomy was currently used in surgical treatment. The axillary lymph node involvement rate of MBC patients was lower, so the sentinel lymph node biopsy was widely used. The chemical drug therapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy had limited effects on MBC patients. However, with its unique molecular expression by the genomic analysis of MBC and rise of precision medicine, targeted therapy and immunotherapy had become current research hotspots, providing potential therapeutic strategies for MBC patients. ConclusionsDue to the complex histopathology and poor prognosis of MBC, and most research on MBC is retrospective studies, lacking sufficient prospective studies with sufficient sample size, so there is currently no clear consensus on the optimal treatment method for MBC. In order to better improve prognosis of MBC patients, further in-depth research on MBC histopathology, prospective studies with sufficient sample size, and development of targeted and effective therapeutic drugs are needed in the future.
Objective To explore the relationship between the metastatic sites and prognosis in newly diagnosed stage Ⅳ breast cancer. Methods The data of newly diagnosed female patients with stage Ⅳ invasive breast cancer with complete follow-up data from SEER database from 2010 to 2015 were grouped according to different metastatic sites, and the differences of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in different metastatic sites were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and log-rank test was used to analyze the prognostic factors of BCSS in newly diagnosed stage ⅳ breast cancer. Results A total of 8 407 patients were included in the final analysis. Among them, 5 619 (66.84%) patients were confirmed with bone metastasis only, 1 483 (17.64%) patients with lung metastasis only, 1 096 (13.04%) patients with liver metastasis only, and 209 (2.49%) patients with brain metastasis only. The median follow-up time was 22 months, with 4 180 (49.72%) breast cancer-related deaths and a median BCSS of 39 months in those patients. The location of metastasis in newly diagnosed stage Ⅳ invasive breast cancer was significantly correlated with BCSS (χ2=151.07, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that the BCSS was worse in patients with liver metastasis [HR=1.34, 95%CI (1.21, 1.49), P<0.001], lung metastasis [HR=1.09, 95%CI (1.04, 1.14), P<0.001] and brain metastases [HR=1.28, 95%CI (1.20, 1.36), P<0.001] than in patients with bone metastases. Further subgroup analysis showed that the BCSS of breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes and different metastatic sites were also significantly different (P<0.05). Patients with brain and liver metastases in the HR+/HER2– subtype had worse BCSS than those with bone metastases (P<0.001). Patients with brain metastases in the HR+/HER2+ subtype had worse BCSS than those with bone metastases (P=0.001). In HR–/HER2+ subtype, the BCSS of patients with liver metastasis, lung metastasis and brain metastasis were worse than that of patients with bone metastasis (P<0.05). In HR–/HER2– subtype, the BCSS of patients with brain metastasis and liver metastasis were worse than that of patients with bone metastasis (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prognosis of newly diagnosed stage ⅳ breast cancer patients with different metastatic sites is different, and the prognosis of different molecular subtypes and different metastatic sites is also different.