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find Author "QU Jieming" 13 results
  • Short-course antibiotic therapy for pneumonia

    细菌耐药是一个全球性的难题,而滥用抗生素是导致细菌耐药的重要原因。合理使用抗生素的核心包括以下三点:①选择合适的抗生素(有效、经济、毒副作用小和使用方便);②采取合适的给药方法(给药剂量、间期和途径);③采取合适的疗程。其中抗生素的疗程究竟多长最合适是目前研究最薄弱的环节,同时也是当前和今后抗感染领域研究的热点[1]。

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

    肺隐球菌病(PC)是一种由隐球菌感染引起的急性或亚急性肺部真菌病。好发于免疫功能低下者。在HIV感染者中,PC的发生率为5%~10%。非HIV感染者,PC发病的危险因素包括:结节病、关节炎、Crohn’s病、结缔组织病、肾小球肾炎、糖尿病、肿瘤、实体器官移植受者、接受抗肿瘤坏死因子α治疗、接受激素治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗等。约15%的PC患者没有基础疾病,属于免疫功能健全者。有研究发现免疫功能健全的PC发病与患者吸烟史、既往激素治疗史和曾有肿瘤史相关[1],这可能与这类患者存在自然免疫缺陷有关[2]。患者没有任何肺原发病症和肺结构异常而形成PC感染称为原发性隐球菌型肺炎,约50%是发生在免疫功能健全的患者中,大多数患者肺为单一受累器官。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Application of Clinical Pathway for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

    社区获得性肺炎( CAP) 是严重威胁人类健康的常见疾病之一, 但在其诊断和治疗仍存在相当大的差异。临床路径( clinical pathway, CP) 是一种新的临床诊疗规范管理方式,近年来开始应用于CAP 的临床诊治, 陆续有协会组织开始制定关于CAP 的临床路径, 并应用于临床。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Assessment on Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis between Infectious and Non-infectious Pulmonary Diseases

    对临床上一个拟诊肺部感染的患者, 临床医生通常依据症状、白细胞总数和分类计数, 以及胸部影像学检查作出诊断, 以期尽早开始治疗, 此时抗生素的选择只能是经验性的, 等治疗后随访观察胸片上的浸润影有无吸收才能确定此浸润影是否为感染性的。换言之, 临床症状及影像学检查对于鉴别感染性和非感染性肺部疾病缺乏特异性, 而肺部感染的诊断多属于回顾性的。 目前, 有一些生物标志物用于帮助判断肺部浸润影为感染性或非感染性, 主要包括C 反应蛋白( C-reactive protein,CRP) 、降钙素原( procalcitonin, PCT) 和可溶性髓样细胞触发受体1( soluble triggering receptor expressed onmyeloid cells-1,sTREM-1) 等。

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:25 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clincal Management of Pseudmonas Aeruginasa Pulmonary Infection:Difficulties,Insuffciency,and Excrss

    铜绿假单胞菌( Pseudomonas aeruginosa) 属于非发酵类假单胞菌, 广泛存在于自然界中, 也可广泛定植于人体消化道、呼吸道、皮肤及泌尿道等部位。20 世纪70 年代, 铜绿假单胞菌仅被认为是导致粒细胞缺乏患者发生致死性菌血症的病原体, 而到上世纪末及本世纪初, 铜绿假单胞菌已是医院获得性感染的主要病原体[ 1] 。在皮肤黏膜发生破坏( 如气管插管、烧伤、机械通气) , 免疫功能低下( 如中性粒细胞缺乏、细胞免疫功能缺陷) , 以及菌群失调的患者, 铜绿假单胞菌感染的发生率相当高。汪复等[ 2] 对国内主要地区的12所教学医院临床分离细菌资料的统计发现在所分离的革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌占16. 4% , 仅次于大肠埃希菌。在铜绿假单胞菌临床感染率不断增加的同时, 铜绿假单胞菌耐药率逐渐增加, 特别是耐多药( MDR) 或者泛耐药( PDR) 铜绿假单胞菌的出现, 给临床治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染带来了更大的挑战。本文主要对目前临床上铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染治疗中的难点及临床处理的过度与不足进行阐述。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:54 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Influenza A (H1N1)Infection

    糖皮质激素在甲型H1N1流感中的应用探讨

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:53 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • A Puzzle in the Therapy of Nosocomial Infection:Colonization or Infection

    医院感染是指住院患者在医院内获得的感染,包括在住院期间发生的感染和在医院内获得出院后发生的感染。重症加强治疗病房( ICU) 是医院感染的高发科室, 其中又以肺部感染最为常见, 导致患者死亡率增加及治疗成本上升。随着医疗技术的发展, 器官移植、有创检查及治疗手段的不断推广, 以及广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂在临床治疗中的广泛应用, 下呼吸道感染病原菌的种类不断发生变迁, 由多重耐药菌( MDR) 及真菌引起的感染不断增多, 成为下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌之一。在大多数情况下, 这类条件致病菌在合适的部位定植而不引起感染, 当机体因各种因素造成的抵抗力下降、菌群失调或天然屏障结构破坏时可引起感染发生。 由于定植菌的致病性是相对的, 临床上无法通过患者的临床表现经验诊断至属或种, 实验室亦无法单纯依赖培养鉴定技术确定其是感染病原菌还是定植菌。在呼吸机相关性肺炎( VAP) 患者中, 下呼吸道的真菌定植率较高, 但真正出现真菌性肺炎的患者比例并不高, 以致对患者的结局无显著影响。如果仅仅根据真菌定植结果制定治疗方案就容易造成抗真菌药物的过度使用。因此, 判断肺部感染的病原学是定植还是感染成为目前医院感染治疗中的难点问题之一。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:56 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Hot topics on the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia

    Hot topics on the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia, including clinical diagnostic criteria, evaluation of biomarkers, ventilator associated events, clinical pulmonary infection score, ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, microbiological diagnosis and duration of therapy were discussed. The viewpoints in the guidelines of America, Europe and Japan were also reviewed.

    Release date:2018-01-23 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Risk factors of extubation failure in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation

    Objective To assess the risk factors associated with extubation failure in patients who had successfully passed a spontaneous breathing trial.Methods Patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for over 48 h were enrolled in the study,they were admitted into Emergency ICU of Zhongshan Hospital during May 2006 and Oct.2007.A spontaneous breathing trial was conducted by a pressure support of 7 cm H2O for 30 min.Clinical data were prospectively recorded for the patient receiving full ventilatory support before and after the spontaneous breathing trial.Regarding the extubation outcome,patients were divived into extubation success group and extubation failure group.Results A total of 58 patients with a mean(±SD) age of 69.4±12.7 years passed spontaneous breathing trial and were extubated.Extubation failure occurred in 11 patients(19%).The univariate analysis indicated the following associations with extubation failure:elderly patients(78.1±7.9 years vs 67.4±15.1years,Plt;0.05),higher rapid shallow breathing index(RSBI) value(83±12 breaths·min-1·L-1 vs 68±19 breaths·min-1·L-1,Plt;0.05)and excessive respiratory tract secretions(54.5% vs 21.3%,Plt;0.05).Conclusion Among routinely measured clinical variables,elderly patients,higher RSBI value and amount of respiratory tract secretions were the valuable index for predicting extubation failure despite a successful spontaneous breathing trial.

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:57 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Three Cases of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma and Review of the Literature

    Objective To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary lymphoma. Methods A retrospective review of primary pulmonary lymphoma cases at a single institution from 2006 to 2008 was performed, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results Primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare disease. The diagnosis was difficult because of the lack of specific characteristics. The most common symptoms were cough and fever. X-ray feature included solitary or multiple nodules and consolidation. Definite diagnosis was made by pathologic and immunohistchemical examinations. The recommended first-line therapy is chemotherapy. Conclusion Appropriate invasive biopsy is necessary for early diagnosis of primary pulmonary lymphoma

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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