ObjectiveTo analyze standards of alginate-based medical devices at home and abroad, and to emphasize key issues of quality control that should be concerned about.MethodsBased on investigation of alginate application in medical devices and alginate-related medical standards, alginate-related technical indicators and quality control points were comprehensively analyzed.ResultsWith the rapid development of alginate-based medical materials and medical devices, the relevant standards at home and abroad have been elaborated on the basic technical indicators and detection methods. In addition to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, China has issued one alginate standard for tissue engineering and three alginate related product standards.ConclusionConsidering the special physical and chemical properties of alginate, researchers also need to focus on the sterilization method, expiry date, molecular weight, and ratio of α-L-guluronic acid to β-D-mannuronic acid of alginate, and impurity content.
目的：慢性肾脏疾病中肾性高血压常见，危害大且不易控制，本文就临床护理实践进行总结。方法：肾性高血压患者男性82例，女性74例，予限水盐摄入,饮食疗法,休息与心理护理,以及合理的降压药治疗，加强观察等。结论：肾性高血压控制不佳者，在降压药使用基础上注意休息，控制水钠入量，并加强其心理治疗，解除心理负担，有利于控制血压。
Objective To systematically review the correlation between diabetes and the incidence rate of colorectal cancer, so as to provide objective proof for early screening diabetic patients with colorectal cancer. Methods The databases such as MEDLINE and EMbase published from January 1990 to July 2010 were searched to include cohort studies. The meta-analysis including seventeen qualified studies was performed by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.3 software. Results The results of meta-analyses of 17 cohort studies involving 1 690 869 participants indicated that the diabetes patients had a higher incidence rate of colorectal cancer compared with the control group (16.50‰ vs. 10.13‰). The odds ratio (OR) was 1.43, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was from 1.29 to 1.60. The results were consistent by sex compared with the control group, although the OR for colorectal cancer in diabetes was little higher in males than females (1.47 vs. 1.41). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of inducing colorectal cancer.
目的 分析持续腹膜透析患者发生腹膜炎的情况及相关因素，降低腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生率、退出率，提高患者的生存率、生活质量。 方法 回顾分析2011年1月－6月收治的41例在家中行持续非卧床性腹膜透析且发生腹膜炎患者的临床资料，观察腹膜炎的发生率及转归，腹膜炎症状出现后初始的处理，对腹膜炎的诱因进行分析。 结果 41例腹膜透析患者共发生腹膜炎43例次，痊愈35例（85.4%），转血液透析3例（7.3%），死亡3例（7.3%）。在症状出现初期，3例（7.3%）患者继续在家观察，10例（24.4%）患者立即到当地就医，15例（36.6%）患者采用电话咨询，13例（31.7%）患者到腹膜透析中心就诊；18例（43.9%）患者直接将腹膜透析引流液带到医院进行药敏试验。就感染诱因而言，16例（39.0%）患者未严格进行空气消毒，13例（31.7%）患者未严格进行环境清洁，10例（24.4%）患者操作过程存在污染行为。 结论 加强对居家行腹膜透析患者的初次培训、操作指导及监测，可避免腹膜炎的发生，提高患者生活质量。
目的 比较两种不同方法护理腹膜透析患者导管出口处的效果。 方法 选取2008年7月－2009年12月51例患者作为试验组，直接采用聚维酮碘溶液擦洗导管出口处，2007年1月－2008年7月45例患者作为对照组，先用生理盐水清洗遂道口，再用聚维酮碘溶液擦洗导管出口处。比较两组导管出口处感染的情况及操作所需时间。 结果 试验组出口评分系统（ESS）＜2分15例，2～3分34例，≥4分7例；对照组＜2分10例，2～3分24例，≥4分16例；两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。试验组护士操作时间为（3.0 ± 1.0）min，患者操作时间为（5.0 ± 1.5）min；对照组护士操作时间为（8.0 ± 2.0）min，患者操作时间为（10.0 ± 2.0）min；两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 聚维酮碘溶液直接清洗、消毒导管出口处降低了感染的发生率，减少了操作环节和所需物品，缩短了操作时间。
Objective To investigate the change of pathogenic distribution and drug resistance in peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP). Methods The clinical data of all the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and suffered from PDAP between January and December in 2014 was retrospectively collected, and the pathogens, drug resistance, outcomes and underlying causes were analyzed. Results A total of 64 patients had 72 cases of PDAP. Only 36 strains (50.0%) had positive culture results, among which 24 strains (66.7%) were Gram-positive bacteria strains, 7 strains (19.4%) were Gram-negative bacteria strains, and 5 strains (13.9%) were fungi. For Gram-positive bacteria strains, the resistance rates to vancomycin, linezolid and rifampicin were all 0%; the resistance rate to levofloxacin, gentamycin and cefazolin was 14.3%, 26.3% and 50.0%, respectively. For Gram-negative bacteria strains, the resistance rates to amikacin and imipenem were both 0%; the resistant rate to gentamycin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin and ampicillin was 28.6%, 28.6%, 42.9% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions The pathogenic spectrum and drug resistance in PDAP have been markedly changed. Selection of antibiotics should be chosen according to the characteristic of the pathogenic spectrum and drug resistance of each center. Great effort is still needed to improve the culture positive rate of the effluent dialysate and to improve the recovery rate of peritonitis.