Objective To observe and explore the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-hyaluronic acid (HA) composite on heal ing of wound combined with radiation injury. Methods The ADSCs were harvested from the fat tissue in groin of 10 inbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion. The ADSCs-HA composite wasprepared with ADSCs (5 × 106 cells/mL) at passage 6 and HA (10 mg/mL). Thirty inbred SD rats, 15 males and 15 females, were randomly divided into groups A (n=10), B (n=10), and C (n=10). A 2 cm × 2 cm full-thickness skin defect was made on the rat back before 20 Gy 60Co radiation exposure. One week after debridement, wounds were treated by petrolatum gauze in group A as the control group, by HA (0.4 mL) and petrolatum gauze in group B, and by ADSCs-HA composite (0.4 mL) and petrolatum gauze in group C. The microvessel density (MVD) and the distribution of CD90 positive cells were observed at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks. Results The wound heal ing was slower, and wound did not heal at 4th week and still filled with granulation tissue in group A; the wound heal ing of group B was faster than that of group A, and the wound did not heal completely with depression in the center at 4th week; the wound healed completely with epidermil izated surface and no obvious depression at 4th week in group C. The histological observation showed that MVD was significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks (P lt; 0.05), and in group B than in group A at the 3rd week (P lt; 0.05); MVD was significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between groups B and C (P gt; 0.05) at 4th week. No CD90 positive cell was found in groups A and B; CD 90 positive cells were observed in group C and gradually decreased with time. Conclusion ADSCs-HA composite can accelerate heal ing of wound combined with radiation injury by promoting and controll ing wound angiogenesis.