The geometric bone model of patients is an important basis for individualized biomechanical modeling and analysis, formulation of surgical planning, design of surgical guide plate, and customization of artificial joint. In this study, a rapid three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method based on statistical shape model was proposed for femur. Combined with the patient plain X-ray film data, rapid 3D modeling of individualized patient femur geometry was realized. The average error of 3D reconstruction was 1.597–1.842 mm, and the root mean square error was 1.453–2.341 mm. The average errors of femoral head diameter, cervical shaft angle, offset distance and anteversion angle of the reconstructed model were 0.597 mm, 1.163°, 1.389 mm and 1.354°, respectively. Compared with traditional modeling methods, the new method could achieve rapid 3D reconstruction of femur more accurately in a shorter time. This paper provides a new technology for rapid 3D modeling of bone geometry, which is helpful to promote rapid biomechanical analysis for patients, and provides a new idea for the selection of orthopedic implants and the rapid research and development of customized implants.