Objective To investigate the immature myocardial protection effects with renal ischemic preconditioning. Methods 18 neonatal rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Ischemic/reperfusion(I/R) group underwent 45 min ischemia followed with 45 min reperfusion after Langendorff model performed. Cardiac ischemic preconditioning(CIP) group underwent 45 min ischemia followed with 45 min reperfusion after 5 min ischemia and then 5 min reperfusion for two times. Renal ischemic preconditioning(RIP) group underwent 45 min ischemia followed with 45 min reperfusion after renal artery obstruction for 5 min and 5 min reperfusion for three times.The left ventricular function recovery,myocardial water content(MWC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) leakage, malondialdehyde(MDA) content,adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, myocardial cell Ca2+ ［Ca2+］c content,mitochondrial Ca 2+ content ［Ca2+］m,synthesizing ATP activity of mitochondria ［ATP］m and Ca2+ATPase activity of mitochondria ［Ca2+ATPase］m were tested. Results The recovery of postischemic heart function in RIP group and CIP group were higher than that I/R group(Plt;0.01). There were no significant difference of HR, AF in three groups （Pgt;0.05）. There were significant difference of CF，CO，LVSP and LVEDP in RIP group and CIP group than those I/R group（Plt;0.01）. There were significant difference of MWC, CK, LDH, ATP content, MDA, SOD activity, ［Ca2+］c content, ［Ca2+ATPase］m， ［Ca2+］m and ［ATP］m in RIP group than those I/R group（Plt;0.01). There were no significant difference between RIP group and CIP group upon every index (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion RIP has the same cardioprotection to immature myocardium as ischemic preconditioning.