OBJCTIVE :To investigate the fundus ocu]i changes in hypnxie isehemic encepbalnpa ally(HIE)of new[x,rns. METHODS:One hundred and two newblt;~rns suffered from HIE were investi- gated to observe lhe pathological neular fundus changes by di~et ophthabnoseopy after mydria~s. RE- SULTS:Seventy seven ca.~s(154 eyes)were found to have ophthalmoscopic changes in the ~ular fundi including papilledema .white retina vaseolar abnormality and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS:In clinical view .the severity of HIE depends on the pathological ebanges of the brain .and ftmdus ahnormalby will be very often in middle and .~vere sufforers of HIE.
Retinal degeneration mainly include age-related macular degeneration, retinitispigmentosa and Stargardt’s disease. Although its expression is slightly different, its pathogenesis is photoreceptor cells and/or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cel1 damage or degeneration. Because of the 1ack of self-repairing and renewal of retinal photoreceptor cells and RPE cells, cell replacement therapy is one of the most effective methods for treating such diseases.The stem cells currently used for the treatment of retinal degeneration include embryonicstem cells (ESC) and various adult stem cells, such as retinal stem cells (RSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). and mesenchyma1 stem cells (MSC). Understanding the currentbasic and clinical application progress of ESC, iPSC, RSC, MSC can provide a new idea for the treatment of retinal degeneration.
Objective To measure and compare the difference between the normal control and retinoschisis with multifocal electroretinography. Methods Nineteen cases (21 eyes) of normal control and 8 cases (15 eyes) of inherited retinoschisis were measured with VERIS ScienceTM 4.0.Three cases (6 eyes) of inherited retinoschisis were tested with Ganzfeld ERG. Results There was statistically significant difference of average response density and latencies in all 6 ring retinal regions between the normal control and retinoschisis. The topography of multifocal ERG showed that multifocal amplitude decreased with disappearing or decreasing of central peak amplitude in patients with retinoschisis. The P1/N1ratio of the multifocal ERG average response densities in 6 ring retinal regions was different from the b/a ratio of the Ganzfeld ERG. Conclusion Each of the multifoca l ERG and Ganzfeld ERG has its advantage in the diagnosis of the retinoschisis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:268-270)
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death. Through the activation of inflammasome complexes, pyroptosis induces the production of interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-18, and the osmotic swelling of cells, thus induces cellular rupture and death. It plays a role in the pathological process of a variety of human diseases. The death of retinal cells including photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is the main reason leading to visual dysfunction in the pathogenesis in ocular fundus diseases. Researches have demonstrated that pyroptosis is closely related to the onset and progression of various retinal diseases. In age-related macular degeneration, pyroptosis directly causes apoptosis of RPE cells and upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, enhancing toxic effect of lipofuscin. For retinitis pigmentosa, pyroptosis is the leading manner of death of secondary cone photoreceptor cells. In cytomegalovirus retinitis, pyroptosis is the main responding way to infection. This review presented the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and cytomegalovirus retinitis and other retinal diseases.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between optic disc hemorrhage and localized retinal never fiber layer defects (RNFLDs) in norma l tension glaucoma.MethodsIn 83 patients with normal-tension glaucoma, the cumulative frequency and quadrantal distribution of optic disc hemorrhages were retrospectively analyzed. The neighboring relation between optic disc hemorrhages and RNFLDs in a same quadrant and the changes of correspondin gretinal never fiber layer (RNFL) after the occurrence of optic disc hemorrhages were observed by tridimensional photochromy of ocular fundus.Results(1) The occurrences and distribution of optic disc hemorrhages: 29of83(34.94%) patients (33 eyes) had totally 58 occurrences, including 39 in infer iotemporal area, 14 in superiotemporal area, and 5 in other area. (2) The relati onship of neighborhood between optic disc hemorrhages and RNFLDs: in the availab le tridimensional photochrome, 23 occurrences in 15 patients (16 eyes) were foun d with cuneiform RNFLDs in the same quadrant, in which 22 was near the border of cuneiform RNFLDs. (3) The changes of corresponding retinal never fiber layer (R NFL) after the occurrence of optic disc hemorrhages: the photochromes of 24 occurrences in 20 patients (21 eyes) were kept well in the initial and the 2-year follow-up periods, while the changes of RNFL were found in each region correspon ding to the 19 occurrences (in inferiotemporal or superiotemporal area) in the initial photochrome, including 7 cuneiform defects with various sizes, and 12 developed localized RNFLDs next to the initial hemorrhages in the optic disc. No obvious localized RNFL corresponding to the other 5 occurrences (1 in inferiotempo ral, 1 in superiotemporal, and 3 in other areas) were found in the follow up period.ConclusionOptic disc hemorrhages in normal-tension glaucoma occur mostly in inferiotemporal area, and secondly in superiotemporal area of optic disc, and the appearance of optic disc hemorrhages may suggest that the localized RNFLDS would develop in the associated regions.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：339-342)
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disease with high geneticheterogeneity, including autosomal dominant inheritance, autosomal recessive inheritance, snd X-linked recessive inheritance. So far, six genes have been found to be associated with FEVR: Wnt receptor fizzled protein (FZD4), Norrie disease (NDP), co-receptor low-densitylipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), and tetrasin 12 (TSPANI2), zinc finger protein408 (ZNF408), kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) gene. Among them, FZD4, NDP, LRPS, TSPANI2 and other four genes play an important role in the Norrin/Frizzled 4 signaling pathway. In retinal capillary endothelial cells, Norrin specifically controls the occurrence of ocular capillaries by activating the Norrin/Frizzled 4 signaling pathway. ZNF408 and KIF11 are newly discovered pathogenic genes related to FEVR in the past 5 years. ZNF408 encodes the transcription factor that plays an important role in retinal angiogenesis. KIF11 plays a role in eye development and maintenance of retinal morphology and function.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new and non-invasive imaging technique that is able to detect blood flow signal in the retina and the choroid within seconds. OCTA is different from the traditional angiography methods. The major advantages of OCTA are that it can observe blood flow signal in different layers of the retina and the choroid without injecting any dye, provide blood flow information that traditional angiography cannot provide, and enrich pathophysiological knowledge of the retinal and choroidal vascular diseases., which help us to make an accurate diagnosis and efficient evaluation of these diseases. However there is a large upgrade potential either on OCTA technique itself or on clinical application of OCTA. We need to fully understand the advantage and disadvantage, and differences of OCTA and traditional angiography. We also need to know how to interpret the result of OCTA. With that we could make a fast diagnosis in a non-invasive way and improve our knowledge of the retinal and choroidal vascular diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To inwestigate the value of fundus fluorescein angiography in evaluation of idiopathic senile macular hole(ISMH). METHODS:fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and other clinical examination were performed in 26 cases (31eyes)of ISMH patients. RESULTS:Full-thickness macular holes were in 17 and lamellar holes were in 14 of the 31 eyes. Hyperfluorescencequot;window defectquot;was found at the base of all the eyes with full-thickness maeular holes and 2 eyes with lamellar holes. The size of hyperfluorescence zone was smaller than that of those seen in redfree film, hyperfluorescence in 6 eyes (19.4%) showed homogenous ancl 10 eyes (32.5%) granular in pattern. The small yellowish dots in macular hole showed blocked fluorescence,while the halo of macular hole showed hyperfluorescence. CONCLUSION:Fundus fluorescein angiography was useful in differentiating lamellar from full-thickness macular hole and understanding the degree of retinal pigment epithelium damages in macular holes. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 208-210 ）
Hereditary ocular fundus disease is an important cause of irreversible damage to patients' visual acuity. It has attracted much attention due to its poor prognosis and lack of effective clinical interventions. With the discovery of a large number of hereditary ocular fundus genes and the development of gene editing technology and stem cell technology, gene and stem cell therapy emerged as the new hope for curing such diseases. Gene therapy is more directed at early hereditary ocular fundus diseases, using wild-type gene fragments to replace mutant genes to maintain existing retinal cell viability. Stem cell therapy is more targeted at advanced hereditary ocular fundus diseases, replacing and filling the disabled retinal cell with healthy stem cells. Although gene and stem cell therapy still face many problems such as gene off-target, differentiation efficiency, cell migration and long-term efficacy, the results obtained in preclinical and clinical trials should not be underestimated. With the emergence of various new technologies and new materials, it is bound to further assist gene and stem cell therapy, bringing unlimited opportunities and possibilities for the clinical cure of hereditary ocular fundus diseases.
OBJECTIVE :To investigale effect of subretinal fluld(SRF)on proliferalion of the cellular elements of PVR. METHOD:The effect of SRF of 28 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment proliferation of the cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE),retinal glial cells (RG),and fibroblast (FB)was observed and detected by the methods of cell-counting and 3H-TdR in DNA synthesis. RESULTS:The range of proliferatinn-stimulating activity was 52.5%~233.3%, 36.4% ~ 177.8%，55.4% ~277.8% above the baseline in 1:10 dilution of these 3 kinds ,of cellular elements,and there was no significant difference among them. CONCLUSION ;The stimulating effect of SRF on the cellular proliferation was thougt to be due to the actions from certain growth factors. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 233-235）