Retrospective chart review (RCR) is a type of research that answers specific research questions based on the existing patient medical records or related databases through a series of research processes including data extraction, data collation, statistical analysis, etc. Relying on the development of medical big data, as well as the relatively simple implementation process and low cost of information acquisition, RCR is increasingly used in the medical research field. In this paper, we conducted the visual analysis of high-quality RCR published in the past five years, and explored and summarized the current research status and hotspots by analyzing the characteristics of the number of publications, national/regional and institutional cooperation networks, author cooperation networks, keyword co-occurrence and clustering networks. We further systematically combed the methodological core of this kind of research from eight aspects: research question and hypothesis, applicability of chart, study design, data collecting, statistical analysis, interpretation of results, and reporting specification. By summarizing the shortcomings, unique advantages and application prospects of RCR, providing guidance and suggestions for the standardized application of RCR in the medical research field in the future.