目的 探讨不同水温对大鼠鼻黏膜的损伤及恢复情况。 方法 126只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为A、B、C组，每组42只；A组：常温；B组：50℃；C组：70℃。另设健康成年SD大鼠2只，使用不同温度生理盐水滴入实验组大鼠双鼻中隔黏膜30次，每分钟1次。分别于第30分钟，1、3、7、14、28、42 d各取6只大鼠的刺激区鼻中隔黏膜，对照组取相应区域黏膜制作光、电镜标本观察其病理形态学改变。 结果 A组各时间的光镜下结构正常，在电镜下1、3 d有轻微改变，7 d后基本恢复。B组第30分钟、1 d在镜下有明显损伤，尤其在3 d达严重损伤， 14 d后基本恢复。C组第30分钟，1、3 d在镜下表现出严重损伤，28 d后有少数恢复，42 d后仍未能完全恢复。 结论 常温对大鼠鼻黏膜病理形态学改变较轻，恢复时间短。温度越高、刺激时间越长则病理形态学改变越重，恢复时间越长。
【摘要】 目的 调查凉山地区青少年四种常见变应性疾病——湿疹、荨麻疹、变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）、支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma，BA）的发病情况，及农村与城区患病差异。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方式确定调查点。受调查者填写调查问卷，接受皮肤科、耳鼻喉科、内科专科医师检查。 结果 湿疹调查8 113人，发现患者810例，患病率10.0%，标准化患病率9.3%；男性患病率8.1%，女性患病率11.2%（Plt;0.01）；城区与农村患病率均为10.0%。荨麻疹调查8 113人，发现患者513例，患病率6.3%，标准化患病率6.5%；男性患病率4.6%，女性患病率7.5%（Plt;0.01）；农村患病率6.9%，城区患病率4.9% （Plt;0.01）。AR调查7 977人，发现患者741人，患病率9.3%，标准化患病率9.1%；男性患病率9.4%，女性患病率9.2%（Pgt;0.05）；农村患病率9.0%，城区10.1%（Pgt;0.05）。BA调查7 741人，发现患者296例，患病率3.8%，标准化患病率4.0%；男性患病率3.2%， 女性患病率4.2%（Plt;0.05）；农村患病率4.1%，城区患病率2.9%（Plt;0.05）。 结论 通过调查获得了凉山地区青少年四种变应疾病患病数据。发现女性湿疹、荨麻疹、BA患病率均高于男性，AR患病率相近。农村湿疹、荨麻疹、支气管哮喘患病率均高于城区，AR患病率相近。【Abstract】 Objective To obtain the prevalence rate of four common allergic diseases, including eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma, in adolescent of Lianshan district; and to explore the differences of these allergic diseases prevalence rate between rural area and urban area. Methods A survey was conducted in adolescent. The cluster sampling was used. The subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and also received physical examinations by doctors. Results A total of 8 113 individuals were included in eczema studis, in whom eczema were present in 810 with a morbidity of eczema of 10.0% (9.3% after standardized). The prevalence rate of eczema in males and females were 8.1% and 11.2%, respectively (Plt;0.01). The prevalence rate of eczema in urban area was the same as that in rural area (10.0%). A total of 8 113 people were included in the urticaria study, in whom urticaria were found in 513. The prevalence rate was 6.3% (6.5% after standardized). The prevalence rate of urticaria in males and females were 4.5% and 7.6%, respectively (Plt;0.01), and were 6.9% and 4.9% respectively in rural area and urban area (Plt;0.01). A total of 7 977 people were included in AR studis. AR was present in 741 people, and the prevalence rate of AR was 9.3% (9.1% after standardized). The prevalence rate of AR in males and females were 9.4% and 9.2% respectively (Pgt;0.05), and were 10.1% and 9.0% respectively in urban area and rural area (Pgt;0.05). A total of 7 741 people were included in BA study, and BA were present in 296 people. The prevalence rate of BA were 3.8% (4.0% after standardized). The prevalence rate in males and females were 3.2% and 4.2% respectively (Plt;0.05), and were 2.9% and 4.1% respectively in urban area and rural area (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of these commom allergic diseases in adolescent of Liangshan district was obtained. The females have a higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA than that in the males; the prevalence rate of AR in males is similar to which in the females. A higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA is found in rural area than that in urban area; the prevalence rate of AR in urban area is similar to which in rural area.