Objective To assess the performance of post-disaster reconstruction of Yushu earthquake at the first anniversary, so as to summarize the Yushu modes of post-disaster reconstruction and provide references for reconstruction work after extreme natural disasters at home and abroad. Methods All the materials seen during the first year after Yushu Earthquake were collected, such as all documents, information notifications and work reports issued by the Central Government and the Ministry of Health, and all the information from the website of News Office of the State Council, the Ministry of Health, Qinghai Provincial People’s Government, and Xinhuanet. The literatures about Yushu Earthquake were also searched from CNKI. All the data were retrospectively analyzed to describe the reconstruction tasks and summarize the effectiveness. Results?a) The reconstruction faced upon special difficulties, including short construction time, cold climate and hypoxia, poor transport, lack of construction resources, economic backwardness, weak logistics and higher cost of reconstruction; b) The performance was significant, e.g., the government completed an investment of 5.01 billion yuan. The goal of urban and rural housing construction was fully completed. Public and municipal infrastructure construction made an important breakthrough. The projects related to livelihood were rapidly implemented. The counterpart’s education at remote was basically completed. Conclusion?As the largest reconstruction in the highest altitude area after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake, Yushu’s reconstruction learns from the experience in Wenchuan, keeps the foothold of its own features and conditions, challenges the limits of high altitude with cold and hypoxia climate, forms a post-disaster reconstruction mode with Chinese characteristics, demonstrates the speed and quality of reconstruction, and provides the valuable experience for domestic and foreign counterparts.
Objective To systematically and thoughtfully summarize the experience and lessons of emergency medical rescue during the Wenchuan earthquake in order toprovide relevant evidence to inform decision making for future emergency medical situations. Methods The relevant data was collected and analyzed through brainstorming and questionnaire. Result ① The Sichuan province Headquarters for Earthquake Disaster Relief was organized at the first time after the earthquake, and a coordination mechanism was established between the national ministry and Sichuan, as well as different departments and the army, to ensure the powerful, ordered, and effective action for the medical rescue. ② Thirty-five thousand eight-hundred medical rescue workers were organized within 72 hours of the earthquake and were sent to all the worst-hit counties via land, water, and air. Some effective measures such as “Four concentration”and“Transfer of wounded patients” were used to reduce the mortality and disability of the wounded patients. ③ The anti-epidemic measures were performed across all the villages and settlements of the people affected by the earthquake to ensure no recurrence of public health events during the first two weeks after the quake. ④ Medical resources were organized scientifically and transparently to meet the demand of medical rescue. ⑤ The recovery and re-establishment of medical services were promoted by two phases. Conclusion The emergency medical rescue of those affected by the earthquake in the Sichuan Province is succesful. In the future, we should establish an effective emergency medical rescue system, supply the reserve of medical resources, improve the equipment of medical rescue teams, strengthen the establishment of discipline of disaster medicine, and improve the emergency pre-plan.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched from inception to August 2018 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ciprofloxacin in the treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 9 RCTs involving 1 666 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with control group, the ciprofloxacin more efficiently eradicate bacteria from sputum (RR=4.34, 95%CI 2.04 to 9.23, P=0.000 1), decrease risk of the exacerbations (RR=0.81, 95%CI 0.71 to 0.93, P=0.002) and the mean bacterial load (MD=–4.08, 95%CI –6.29 to –1.87, P=0.001). However, there were no significant differences between two groups in clinical efficiency and adverse events.ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that, ciprofloxacin can decrease the mean bacterial load and risk of the exacerbation, and more efficiently eradicate bacteria from sputum in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more studies are required to verify the conclusions.
Objectives Performance of critical injury treatment among extremely-hit areas after great earthquake was retrospectively analyzed to provide references for policy-making as reducing mortality and disable rate besides increasing rehabilitation rate for global post-quake medical relief. Methods Retrospective analysis, primary research and secondary research were comprehensively applied. Results 1.According to incomplete statistics datum, there were 30,620 self-save injured among extremely-hit areas in 72 post-quake hours. And, the number of critical injured took 22% of the total inpatient injured. 2. Mortalities decreased successively from that of municipal healthcare centers in extremely-hit areas to that municipal medical units in peripheral quake-hit areas and then to those of municipal, provincial and MOH-affiliated hospitals as 12.21%, 4.50%, 2.50% and 2.17% respectively. 3. Injured with fractures on body, limbs or unknown-parts, severe conditions as well as other kinds of non-traumatic diseases received in second-line hospitals were much more than those treated in first-line hospitals with more severe injuries. 4. Among 10,373 injured in stable conditions transferred to third-line hospitals, 99.07% were discharged off hospitals with mortality as 0.017% during 4 post-quake months. Conclusions The medical relief model as “supervising body helping subordinate unit, severely-stricken areas assisting extremely-hit ones, quake-hit areas supporting both extremely-hit and severely-stricken ones, and save-saving amp; mutual assistance applied between extremely-hit areas” is roughly established for injured from severely-stricken areas after Wenchuan earthquake. 2. “Four concentration treatment” principle for those injured in critical conditions did effectively reduce mortality（15.06%→2.9%）. 3. Timely, scientific and standard on-site triage and post-medical transfer under guidance of accurate injury information determine rescue effect for the injured, while there is large space to fulfill as for treatment for critical diseases among extremely-hit areas under extreme conditions after Wenchuan earthquake.
We systematically and retrospectively analyzed the experience and lessons from the command system, medical rescue force deployment, medical treatment, public health response for infectious disease control, and health counterpart assistance for emergency medical rescue after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China. We propose that emergency medical rescue after tremendous catastrophes in China link responses at the national, provincial, city, and county levels, to set up an effective and cooperative medical relief forces coordination system and an effective triage system and rehabilitation plan. In addition, infectious disease control should be planned and assessed more quickly, and developing vital functions of pairing-assistance as a means with Chinese characteristic. Our aim is to provide a useful reference for medical rescue after natural catastrophes worldwide, especially after earthquakes.