ObjectiveTo explore the clinical protocols of neoadjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and to provide a perspective on its future prospects. MethodLiterature search and review were conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and other databases using keywords such as “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “neoadjuvant therapy”, “interventional therapy”, “radiotherapy”, “targeted therapy”, “immunotherapy”, etc in recent five years. ResultNeoadjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma included neoadjuvant interventional therapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Neoadjuvant interventional therapy and radiotherapy had significant advantages for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus, while neoadjuvant targeted therapy and immunotherapy had achieved initial results in tumor pathological remission rate, providing more ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. ConclusionNeoadjuvant therapy is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, which has shown great potential in clinical applications and is moving towards individualization, precision, and systematization. We believe that with in-depth research on the mechanism of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and continuous clinical practice, a comprehensive treatment strategy based on immunotherapy will become the key to neoadjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the future.